1. Information Flow in Organizations
“Front-End”
“Middle”
“Back-End”
End-Users / End-User Analysts
“Tip of the Iceberg”
“Information Consumers”
Use “Front-End” Apps
“Consume” Info from dashboards, reports, & cubes built by “Info Authors”
Programmers (e.g., JavaScript, Python, or R)
Create Programs
“Information Authors”
“Author” reports, create dashboards & cubes
“Submerged part of Iceberg”
DB Administrators
DW and/or DL Administrators
NW Administrators
Use “Back-End Apps”
Create Data Environment (i.e., DBs, DWs, and Data Lakes)
“Info Creators” (Sales people, purchasers, etc.)
Data-Capturing Apps
Transactional
Databases
Data Warehouse and/or Data Lake
“Info Consumers” (Analysts, Managers, etc.)