1. Campaigning and Governing

2. What qualities should (normatively) candidates for office have?
What qualities does the electoral process select for?
Do campaigns produce good officeholders?

3. Why should campaigning and governing be related?
1. Elections legitimize officeholders
2. Elections hold officeholders accountable
3. Officeholders should govern as they perceive the electorate would want them to

4. Why should governing NOT be like campaigning?
Different fundamental goals
Different time horizons
Different relationships to others
Against the intent of the Constitution

5. What is the “Permanent Campaign”?
A nonstop battle for public approval in order to engage in the act of governing itself.

6. What evidence shows that the permanent campaign exists?
Pseudoevents
Presidents “going public”
Pork barrel spending

7. Why has the permanent campaign developed?
Party organizational decline
Sunshine laws, interest group politics
Direct communication technology
Political technology
Media profit motive
Activist government

8. Is this really a problem?

9. Is there any way to reverse the trend toward the permanent campaign?