1. Joints of Lower Limb By
Dr.Pardeep Kumar

2. Joints of Lower limb Joints of pelvic girdle Sacroiliac joint
Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium
Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments

3. Vertebropelvic ligaments
Iliolumbal ligament: runs from transverse process of L5 to the posterosuperior part of iliac crest
★ Sacrotuberous ligament: runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of ischial tuberosity
★ Sacrospinous ligament: runs from ischial spine to lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx
These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina

4. Pubic symphysis Obturator membrane obturator canal
Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)
Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligament
Obturator membrane
obturator canal

6. Bony pelvis
Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations
In anatomical position, anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles on same vertical plane, while the tip of coccyx and superior border of pubic symphysis on same horizontal plane
Terminal line: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis

7. Lesser pelvis
pelvic inlet (terminal line):
Pelvic outlet : formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis
Pelvic cavity
Pubic arch, subpubic angle

8. Main difference between male and femal pelvis

9. Main difference between male and female pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outet
Pelvic cavity
Pubic arch
90~1000
70~750

10. Main difference between male and female pelvis
Overall
Narrow and long
Wide and short
Iliac ala
More vertical
More horizontal
Inlet
Oval or heart shaped
Round
Subpubic angle
Acute angle (about 70~750)
Right angle (about 90~1000)
Pelvic cavity
Deep narrow
Shallower, wide
Outlet
Small
Larger

13. Joints of free lower limb
★ Hip joint
Bones: acetabulum and femoral head
Articular capsule attachments
Above: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament
Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest

14. Accessory structures
Acetabulum labrum; transverse acetebular ligament
Ligaments
Iliofemoral lig.
Ligament of head of femur
Pubofemoral lig.
Ischiofemoral ligament
Zona orbicularis:annular ligament is a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip join
Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Acetabulum labrum
Ligament of head
of femur
Transverse
acetebular lig.

15. Pubofemoral lig.
Iliofemoral lig.
Ischiofemoral lig.
Zona orbicularis

18. ★Knee joint
Bones: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella
Articular capsule: superapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa, ala folds

19. Accessory structures ligaments Patellar lig. Fibular collateral lig.
Tibial collateral lig.
Fibular
collateral
lig.
Tibial collateral
lig.
Patellar lig.

20. Oblique popliteal ligament
Anterior cruciate ligment
Posterior cruciateligament

21. Medial meniscus (C-shaped)
lateral meniscus (O-shaped)
Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700
lateral
Medial

23. Tibiofibular syndesmosis
Tibiofibular joint
interosseous membrane
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

24. Joint of foot Talocrural joint (ankle joint)
Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talus
Articular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments

25. Ligments
Medial lig.
Lateral lig.
Anterior talofibular lig.
Calcaneofibular lig.
Posterior talofibular lig.
Movements: dosiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction
are possible

26. Tarsometatarsal joints Intermetatarsal joints
Intertarsal joints
Talocalcaneal joint
Talocalcaneonavicular joint
Calcaneocuboid joint
Tarsometatarsal joints
Intermetatarsal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints
transverse tarsal joint

27. Arches of foot
Medial longitudinal arch: formed by calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first to third metatarsal bones, head of talus is the keystone of this arch

28. Lateral longitudinal arch:
formed by calcaneus, cuboid, fourth and fifth metatarsals; cuboid is is the keystone of this arch

29. Tranverse arch:
formed by cuboid, three cuniforms and all metatarsals; the intermediate cuneiform is the keystone of this arch
Function: give foot strength stability and resilience; protect plantar vessels and nerves

30. Normal arch
Flatfoot

31. THANK YOU VERY MUCH