1. Volume 121, Issue 4, Pages 853-864 (October 2001)
Immune cell trafficking in uterus and early life is dominated by the mucosal addressin MAdCAM-1 in humans 
Marko Salmi, Kalle Alanen, Seija Grenman, Michael Briskin, Eugene C. Butcher, Sirpa Jalkanen 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 121, Issue 4, Pages (October 2001)
DOI: /gast
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Fetal PLNs synthesize both MAdCAM-1 and PNAd. Representative anti–MAdCAM-1 (left column) and anti-PNAd (right column) stainings of PLNs at different ages. The positivity is confined to HEVs in all samples. The arrows point to MAdCAM-1–negative HEVs in adult PLNs. No specific staining was seen with negative control mAbs. Bar, 100 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
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3. Fig. 2
MAdCAM-1 is found much earlier than PNAd in the intestine during ontogeny. (A) Representative stainings of small intestine with anti–MAdCAM-1 mAb (left column) and with anti-PNAd mAb (right column) at the indicated developmental time points are shown. Positive reaction in vessels is seen as a brown precipitate. E, epithelium; M, muscle; L, lumen of the gut. (B) Also, a subgroup of vessels in Peyer's patch anlagen show MAdCAM-1 positivity (arrows) comparable to that in lamina propria vessels. No reactivity was seen in negative controls (identical to those stained with anti-PNAd mAb MECA-79 at 7, 11, and 17 weeks). Bar, 100 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
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4. Fig. 3
Expression of MAdCAM-1 in thymus and spleen. The organs from fetuses and children of different ages were immunostained for the mucosal addressin. Arrows point to representative positive vessels. WP, white pulp; C, cortex; M, medulla. No specific staining was seen in any controls. Bar, 100 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Extralymphoid expression of MAdCAM-1 during fetal development. Representative specimens from the indicated organs displaying MAdCAM-1–positive vessels are shown in the micrographs. No specific staining was seen in any controls (skin shown as a representative example; neg. co). The arrows point to representative positive vessels. Du, ductus in pancreas; De, dermis; E, epidermis; gl, glomerulus of kidney; IS, islet of Langerhans; L, lumen of gallbladder; M, muscle of gallbladder; T, tubulus in kidney. A MAdCAM-1–positive vessel in the adult gallbladder is shown in the inset. Bar, 100 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Unique homing receptor phenotype of cord blood cells. (A) Representative FACS profiles from cord blood and adult mononuclear cells stained with a negative control (3G6), anti-α4 (HP2/1), anti-β7 (Fib504), anti-α4β7 heterodimer (Act-1), and anti–L-selectin (Dreg-56) mAbs. X-axis shows the fluorescence intensity on a log scale, and y-axis is the relative number of cells. (B) Two-color immunofluorescence stainings of cord blood and adult PBL with negative controls (upper panels) and with α4β7 on the x-axis (green fluorescence) and L-selectin on the y-axis (red fluorescence; lower panels). Percentage of cells in each quadrant is shown. Arrows point to the remarkably small single-positive populations of cord blood lymphocytes.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Cord blood cells bind to adult HEVs. Cord blood lymphocytes or adult gut and PLNs were pretreated with the function-blocking mAbs against homing receptors and vascular addressins. The HEV adherence (mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments with different donors) was then determined using Stamper-Woodruff assay. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 when compared with controls.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Promiscuous usage of tissue selective addressins in fetal-type PLNs and gut. The function of vascular addressins or lymphocyte homing receptors was blocked by mAbs, and the HEV binding assays were performed. Binding of adult PBLs to (A) fetal-type gut and (B) fetal-type PLNs and adhesion of cord blood cells to fetal-type lymphoid tissues in (C) gut and (D) PLNs was studied (mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments with different donors). Maximal adherence is defined as the number of adherent cells in the control mAb–treated samples. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 when compared with controls.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Cord blood T cells display a unique homing receptor phenotype and use both PLN and mucosal type of homing-associated antigens to bind to fetal PLNs. (A) Involvement of the homing-associated antigens in T-cell binding to fetal PLNs was studied by blocking their function by the indicated mAbs. The results are presented as mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments with different donors. Maximal adherence is defined as the number of adherent cells in the control mAb–treated samples. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P ≤ when compared with controls. (B) Two-color immunofluorescence stainings of cord blood and adult CD3-positive T cells with negative controls (upper panels) and with α4β7 οn the x-axis (green fluorescence) and L-selectin on the y-axis (red fluorescence; lower panels).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Developmental switches in the expression and function of vascular addressins in man. The relative abundance of (A) MAdCAM-1 and (B) PNAd in intestinal, PLN, and other tissue (thymic, pancreatic, splenic, and in skin, kidney, muscle, and brain) vessels is depicted in relation to the fetal and postnatal age. The expression was semiquantitatively scored from all samples (−, negative; +, a few positive vessels; ++, moderate numbers of positive vessels; and +++, prominent expression; in relation to anti-CD31 stainings performed always in parallel to identify blood vessels). The number of samples at each age is described in Methods (generally from 2–5 donors/organ/time point; all samples from a given organ/tissue at a given time point always showed consistent staining pattern, unless otherwise mentioned in the text). (C) The relative functional importance of these addressins in directing the binding of perinatal lymphocytes to PLN and gut (lamina propria and follicles) vessels is schematically outlined.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions