1. Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles
Life – it’s all about the cell

2. Levels of organization
ATOMS  elements
Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA
(biomolecules)
ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions
CELLS – **1st level of life **
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
8 levels

4. Example

5. Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells
Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells
When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells
A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells.
There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

6. Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small
pro=before kary=nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Simple cells – very small
1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA
Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material
Most have a cell wall
Do NOT have organelles

7. DNA

8. Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
eu=true kary=nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells
All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
Found on Earth 1.5 BYA
Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

10. Quick check – Why is this cell eukaryotic?
Because it has a cell wall.
Because it contains DNA.
Because it has membrane-bound organelles.
Because it does not have DNA.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Organelles
Plasma membrane

11. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Smooth ER/
Rough ER
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Cilia
Flagella

12. 1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins

13. 2. Cell Wall -Provides protection and support to the cell
-Found around the
cell membrane
-Only in plant cells

14. 3. Cytoplasm
Fluid that supports
and holds
organelles in place

15. 4. Nucleus – control center of cell has DNA
5. Nuclear envelope/membrane – controls what goes in and out of the nucleus
6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

16. 7. Chloroplast -Green organelle found in plants And some protists.
-Photosynthesis occurs here,
use suns energy to make sugar

17. 8. Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration
breaks down sugar to make ATP!

18. 9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids
10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports proteins

19. 11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis. (Creating protein from DNA)

20. 12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – produces vesicles, modifies, packages and transports proteins around/out of the cell

21. 13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products.
Large and central in plant
cells
Small and numerous in
animal cells

23. 14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

24. 15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell
microfilaments
microtubules

25. 16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement
16. Cilia Flagella – hair-like projections for movement Tail-like projections for movement
Ciliated respiratory cells

26. 18. Centrioles – found in animal cells ONLY, aid in cellular division