1. Prepare your scantron:
Use
a pencil,
not a pen!
Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under
your name.
LAST NAME FIRST, First name second
Put your 4-digit code instead of “IDENTIFICATION NUMBER”.
--- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.)
Question # 1: answer A
Question # 2: answer B
Question # 3: answer D
Setup:
Pass/fail test is coming up! (Oct.2,Tuesday,6:00pm)
Recall reading assignment
Chapter 14 (The Sun), pp. 464–485
Please take a moment to mute your cell phone!

2. Review questions coming …

3. This question counts double!
sec 8 9 11 7 10 4 1 2 3 13 6 12 25 30 35 40 14 19 16 15 17 18 45 20 5
Question 4
Which of the following explains what granules are?
A The strong heat from below causes cracks on the
surface of the Sun.
B Rising hot bubbles reach the surface and glow until they cool down and sink.
C The magnetic field of the Sun makes gas glow when charged particles cross it.
D Clouds float over the photosphere.
E Asteroids keep falling into the Sun and burn up in the intense heat.
Next question coming …

4. This question counts double!
sec 10 9 11 13 14 8 12 6 2 1 3 4 15 5 7 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 5
Where in the Sun is heat being produced?
A Everywhere inside the Sun.
B Only in the core (close to the center).
C Only in a narrow region close to the surface.
D In most of the Sun except in the convective outside region.
E Nowhere, because no more energy is being produced in the Sun now. It has been heated up once and it is only giving off its heat as it is cooling off.
Next question coming …

5. This question counts double!
sec 10 9 11 13 14 8 12 6 2 1 3 4 15 5 7 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 6
The photosphere is
A the name of all the hot parts of the Sun
B the name of the visible edge of the Sun
C the name of the central region of the Sun
D the name of a type of camera used to photograph the Sun.
E the name of a type of lens used to photograph the Sun.
Next question coming …

6. This question counts double!
sec 10 9 11 13 14 8 12 6 2 1 3 4 15 5 7 16 26 25 27 28 30 29 17 24 19 18 23 20 22 21
Question 7
Both the Sun and Jupiter have limb darkening
in the colors in which they radiate.
What can you deduce from this fact?
A Both the Sun and Jupiter have nuclear reactions
to heat them.
B Both the Sun and Jupiter are made of gas.
C Both the Sun and Jupiter are very hot on the outside.
D Both the Sun and Jupiter have a rocky surface.
E Both the Sun and Jupiter are much larger then Earth.

7. Sunspots Undisturbed photosphere Penumbra Umbra (6000 K) (5000 K)
“Cold spots”
in the
photosphere
where
convection
is stopped
by the
magnetic field
Penumbra
(5000 K)
Umbra
(4000 K)

8. Sunspot details

9. What are sunspots? (1) Convection brings up magnetic field
(2) Strong field stops convection
(3) Spot cools off (only 4000 C)

10. Questions coming …

11. sec 10 9 11 12 15 14 13 8 7 1 2 3 5 4 6 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 8
What are sunspots?
A Regions on the Sun, hotter than the photosphere.
B Regions on the Sun, composed of dark substances.
C Regions on the Sun, colder than the photosphere.
D Holes in the surface of the Sun where we see deep into the Sun.
E Clouds floating over the photosphere.
Next question coming …

12. sec 8 9 10 12 11 7 6 1 2 3 4 13 30 35 40 45 14 25 16 15 18 17 19 20 5
Question 9
What causes the sunspots?
A The magnetic fields of the Sun deflects sunlight from
the spots, so they appear dark.
B The magnetic field of the Sun channels dark
substances into sunspots.
C The magnetic field of the Sun stops hot bubbles of gas from
rising, causing the region to cool off.
D The gravity of the Sun heats up the gas, which burns quickly
and the remaining ashes are dark.
E The shadow of the Moon is cast on the Sun, covering
dark regions.

13. (# of spots) +
10 x
(# of groups)
The 11 year solar cycle

14. Solar maximum • Many large sunspots • Flares • Prominences • Eruptions
Weather affected strongly
Solar maximum

15. Prominences
Seen in H light
(only)
Gas follows
Magnetic
field lines

16. Solar flares Magnetic heating causes nuclear explosions Rare event:
once in a month at solar maximum - flare lives for ten minutes
Spits out a lot of gas
- gas may leave the Sun
Do not confuse flares with prominences:
• flares are rare and may cause eruptions or prominences
• prominences need not originate in flares

17. Eruptions and prominences
Watch the
Soho movie!
Filament
(a prominence seen
in the face of the Sun)
Prominence

18. Questions coming …

19. sec 10 9 11 12 15 14 13 8 7 1 2 3 5 4 6 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 10
What is on the picture?
A A sunspot.
B A prominence.
C A solar flare.
Next question coming …

20. sec 8 9 10 12 11 7 6 1 2 3 4 13 30 35 40 45 14 25 16 15 18 17 19 20 5
Question 11
What is the “solar cycle”?
A Every eleven years the Sun is more active and has a
lot of sunspot, followed by years of relative quiet.
B Once in year sunspots cause disruptions in the
magnetic field of Earth.
C Nuclear reactions heat up the Sun hotter than normal for a few
months every year, and this causes summer.
D Holes in the surface of the Sun where we see deep into the Sun.
E The energy production in the Sun oscillates with a
period of a few hundred years.
Next question coming …

21. sec 10 9 11 12 15 14 13 8 7 1 2 3 5 4 6 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 12
What is on the picture?
A A sunspot.
B A prominence.
C A solar flare.
Next question coming …

22. sec 10 9 11 13 14 8 12 7 2 1 3 4 6 5 15 17 26 25 27 28 30 29 16 24 19 18 23 20 22 21
Question 13
Look at the Sun through a telescope in regular light
(no colored filter) at a random time.
You have a good chance of seeing the following:
A Sunspots, solar flares and prominences.
B Sunspots, solar flares.
C Sunspots.
D Sunspots and prominences.
E Solar flares and prominences.

23. What if an eruption hits Earth?
Charged matter from the Sun is deflected by Earth’s magnetic field towards the Arctic and Antarctica

24. Aurora Borealis& Australis

25. Aurora Borealis& Australis
(from space)

26. Aurora Borealis in Canada
Green aurora

27. the color varies because the energy of the charged particles varies.
Red aurora
the color varies because the energy of the charged particles varies.
Red aurora
Watch Themis movie!

28. Questions coming …

29. sec 10 9 11 12 15 14 13 8 7 1 2 3 5 4 6 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 14
What causes aurora?
A Exhaust gases from spacecraft.
B Charged particles, freed up when atomic bombs blow up.
C Cosmic radiation from distant galaxies.
D The Sun spits out charged particles and they hit Earth.
E The asteroid belt shines in reflected sunlight.
Next question coming …

30. sec 10 9 11 12 15 14 13 8 7 1 2 3 5 4 6 16 26 17 27 28 30 29 24 25 23 19 18 20 21 22
Question 15
What happens when a solar eruption hits Earth?
A Hurricanes arise.
B Lightening and thunder is caused.
C Volcanoes erupt.
D Shooting stars fall from the sky.
E Aurora flares up.
Next question coming …

31. sec 8 9 10 12 11 7 6 1 2 3 4 13 30 35 40 45 14 25 16 15 18 17 19 20 5
Question 16
Why is aurora very rare in Mississippi?
A Because the temperature is warm all year.
B Because aurora can be seen only in places with very dry climate.
C Because Mississippi is closer to the Moon than the Arctic or Antarctica.
D Because the magnetic field of Earth deflects charged particles.
E Because the Earth spins faster near the equator.

32. Turn in your scantron now
personally!