1. Analysis and proposals for enhancing LULUCF MRV
Administrative Arrangement Nº /2011/611111/CLIMA A.2
By Raul Abad Viñas, Giacomo Grassi, Roland Hiederer
H03 Unit –JRC (
JRC technical workshop LULUCF for 2nd CP.
Arona (NO), Italy
May 2014.

2. Summary Overview of the LULUCF MRV project
Task 3 – Analytical input for harmonizing MRV in the EU
Modelling CSC of forest soils
Selecting IPCC default factors for estimate CSC
Biomass burning reporting - Comparative assessment of data reported under UNFCCC and EFFIS -

3. Overview LULUCF MRV DG CLIMA JRC
Administrative Arrangement- LULUCF MRV
Help MS improve LULUCF MRV in terms of the 5 principles.
Improve the comparability and consistency of LULUCF estimates among MS
Task 1 - Assess the current MRV capacity and the future challenges
1a) Comparative assessment of the methods, approaches and nomenclature used for estimating emissions/removals.
1b) Assessment of the current situation in relation to reporting/accounting requirements which may pose challenges in near future.
Task 2 - Develop recommendations/actions plans to help MSs improving LULUCF MRV
Main focus in medium –term improvement (not necessarily CP1)
2a) Recommendations for improving LULUCF MRV.
2b) Start to implement the recommendations from task 2a.
(HRV, EST, GRC, ITA, LVA, POL, ROU)
Task 3 – Analytical input for harmonizing MRV in the EU

4. Task 3
Task 3
Input to improving the comparability in MRV across EU MS and the preparedness for the new reporting requirements (deadline: end of July)
In the recent JRC LULUCF workshops it has been repeatedly pointed out that methods used by MS in their LULUCF inventories are heterogeneous.
While in most cases this is unavoidable, and not necessarily a problem (as long as IPCC guidance is applied), some steps toward harmonization within the EU could be considered for specific issues.

5. Modelling CSC of forest soils
TASK 3.1
3.1.-Modeling carbon stock change of forest soils:
From previous tasks it emerged that reporting forest mineral soils is one of the main challenges of LULUCF inventory compilers.
The purpose of this task is to test the feasibility and utility of expanding the currently quite limited use of models for reporting emissions and removals from forest soils (or provide evidences for the “not a source” provision).
For this purpose this task uses the YASSO model, involving MS already using this model (FIN, AUT, CHE) and 4 selected MS (ESP, FRA, ROU, EST) in which YASSO will be tested.
This year: (under KP)
ESP reports soils under FM
FRA reports very little change in Martinique (also last year)
EST reports under UNFCCC (no elected KP) also last year

6. Selecting IPCC default factors for estimate CSC
TASK 3.2
3.2.-Selecting IPCC default factors for estimate CSC:
Based on the work of previous tasks it emerged that some MS do not implement a proper disaggregation of lands (i.e. climate zones, soils types and GEZ), as suggested by IPCC when default factors need to be chosen, therefore resulting in under/overestimation of CO2 from various carbon pools is expected.
The purpose of this task is analyze the number of MS using Tier 1 method for which the land is not properly disaggregated, as well as develop recommendations for future GHG inventories.
Having in mind that more KP activities are becoming mandatory for 2nd CP and that, at least, for the first years some MS may choose apply Tier 1 methods for reporting CSC on these new mandatory activities, JRC have developed individual suitable maps for supporting MS in the selection of IPCC default factors.

7. t C/ha of SOC ref with HAC soils
Selecting IPCC default factors for estimate CSC
TASK 3.2
IPCC Climate zones
IPCC provides a world map based on elevation, Mean annual temperature (MAT), Mean annual precipitation (MAP), Mean annual precipitation to potential evapo-transpiration ratio (MAP:PET),frost occurrence
IPCC Soil types
IPCC suggests to use the decision tree in Annex 3 & 4 to classify soils from soil taxonomic systems like USDA and WRB into IPCC soil types.
IPCC Ecological zones
The IPCC Guidelines follows the FAO Global Ecological Zones, based on observed climate and vegetation patterns. Data for geographic information systems is available at:
This classification should be used for Tier 1 methods because the default emission and stock change factors were derived using this scheme.
Values
t C/ha of SOC ref with HAC soils

8. TASK 3.2 Selecting IPCC default factors for estimate SOC changes
Available in

9. TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting
3.3.-Biomass burning reporting - Comparative assessment of data reported under UNFCCC and EFFIS –
From IPCC 2006:
Steps of the GHG inventory reporting include: Implement quality control checks, verification, and expert peer review of the emission estimates.
The purpose of verifying national GHG is to establish their reliability and to check the accuracy of the reported numbers by independent means.
The overall goals of verification are to:
• Provide inputs to improve inventories;
• Build confidence on estimates and trends;
• Help to improve scientific understanding.
Verification refers to the collection of activities and procedures that can be followed during the
planning and development, or after the completion of an inventory, that can help to establish its
reliability for the intended application of the inventory.
One approach as provided in the IPCC 2006 is COMPARISON TO OTHER INFORMATION

10. Comparative assessment of data reported under UNFCCC and EFFIS
Biomass burning reporting
TASK 3.3
Comparative assessment of data reported under UNFCCC and EFFIS
The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) (JRC technical report 2011)
Forest Fires Database – country reporting
Total Burnt Area is the sum of the Forest Area, Other Wooded Land and Other Non-Wooded Natural Land.
Rapid Damage Assessment – satellite mapping estimation
Total burnet areas > 40 ha classified following the CORINE Land Cover Classes (up to level 3 – 44 classes) including wildfires and controlled.
UNFCCC reporting (Submissions 2013)
UNFCCC Data – CRF table 5(V)
Burned areas disaggregated by land use and type of fires (controlled and wildfires)

11. Specifically, figures on biomass burning used in this report are:
Biomass burning reporting
TASK 3.3
Specifically, figures on biomass burning used in this report are:
Annual official areas burned by forest fires reported by MS to EFFIS, (hereinafter EFFIS).
Data of burned areas produced every year by EFFIS, as detected by MODIS satellite,
(hereinafter MODIS)
Official data reported by MS to UNFCCC, submission 2013,
(hereinafter UNFCCC)

12. TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting
*UNFCCC data includes total area burnt in ha when reported in CRF table 5 (V)
* CZE, LVA and SVK report all the fires in CRF table 5(V) as Kg dm.

13. Comparison for Spain TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting
EFFIS 70% > UNFCCC
MODIS 40% >UNFCCC
UNFCCC only FL- If different forest definitions are applied why only fire under forest land are reported?
UNFCCC only wildfires - if controlled burned areas explain differences why only wildfires are reported?

14. Comparison for Portugal
Biomass burning reporting
TASK 3.3
Comparison for Portugal
EFFIS 40% > UNFCCC
MODIS > < UNFCCC
UNFCCC Why UNFCCC (FL+ CL + GL) data is smaller that EFFIS data?
UNFCCC only wildfires - if controlled burned areas explain differences why only wildfires are reported?

15. Comparison for Greece TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting
EFFIS 25% > UNFCCC
MODIS > < UNFCCC
UNFCCC includes– Is the area unmanaged the reason why UNFCCC is smaller than MODIS and EFFIS?

16. Comparison for Italy TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting EFFIS = UNFCCC
MODIS < UNFCCC
EFFIS includes forest vegetation (woody + non woody)
UNFCCC includes FL + CL + GL + SL
Why the numbers reported are the same?

17. Comparison for France TASK 3.3 Biomass burning reporting
Forest areas UNFCCC = EFFIS
MODIS < UNFCCC
Forest areas reported to UNFCCC should include also forest fires in oversea territories but EFFIS should only include European continental territories
Why the forest burnt areas are the same?

18. General findings arising from this assessment
Biomass burning reporting
TASK 3.3
General findings arising from this assessment
Some MS report biomass burning using ha while others Kg dm
Some MS report controlled burning and wildfires while others only wildfires
Some MS report burnt areas disaggregated by land use while others report all the fires under forest land
Large differences in many cases between burnt areas in UNFCCC and EFFIS (not necessarily means inconsistent reporting)
Some MS match burnt areas under UNFCCC and EFFIS, although EFFIS does not include agriculture
For some MS both estimations from EFFIS (database & MODIS) are well above UNFCCC reporting (even if MODIS data is always expected to be smaller)

19. Input for improving biomass burning reporting
TASK 3.3
Input for improving biomass burning reporting
Report AD using ha would increase the comparability among MS and would allow to fill in EU CRF table 5(V)
Report area burned disaggregated by fire type or include information proving that controlled burning is not allowed
Disaggregate total burnt area by land use, using if needed the available geo-information in
Verify areas reported to UNFCCC against areas reported to/by EFFIS having in mind that large differences not necessarily means inconsistent reporting but differences need to be explained

20. Thank you for your attention