1. Unit 3 Europe Emerges, 600-1200 Chapter 10

2. “Medieval”
Byzantium’s conflict with Islam helped inspire Western Europe in the 11th century.
Byzantium inherited a confidence of Roman Empire while Western Europe could not achieve political unity and suffered economic decline.
Middle age, between greeco-roman and renaissance in 14th century

3. The Byzantine Empire

4. An Empire Beleaguered
Eastern Empire supreme legal and religious authority. Why?
Conversion of Islam-
Schism (Latin Church v. Orthodox Church)
Having a single ruler. By 12th century, 2/3rd of Christians in former byzantine territories (egypt, sytia, and tunisia)
Fought over territory and church practices

5. Society and Urban Life Byzantine decline, not as rapid as in the west.
Rigid family life
Emperors intervened in economy
Cities suffered
Western Europe
Declines rapidly
Barter
Population
urbanization
Byzantine decline- end of middle class, disguised by roman inheritance; women secluded but ruled along side husbands; set prices monopolized

6. Cultural Achievements
Body of Civil Law
Domed Buildings
Cyrillic script spread
Collection of Roman laws; basis of western european law; building adopted in 15,16th

7. Early Medieval Europe, 600-1000

8. From the Roman Empire to Germanic Kingdoms
In the 5th century Roman Empire broke down. _________ ruled a number of different kingdoms.
Invasions:
In the 8th century
Carolingians united
Frankish kingdoms:
Gaul, Germany, Italy
Germanic kings; muslim arabs, berbers took Iberian peninsula and france; Gaul, Germany Italy

9. Vikings (late 8th and 9th centuries)
Invaded: France, England, and Spain
Norman William the Conqueror invaded England in He also expelled the ________ from Sicily in 1060

10. A Self-Sufficient Economy
Decline of Roman Empire led to:
Self sufficient and reliant on “small Germanic traditions”
Manors
Lords
Fief (became hereditary)
vassal
serfs
1. deurbanization 2. decline in trade- became more centralized.

11. Early Medieval Society in the West
A class of nobles emerged into _______.
Landowning and military service became inseparable.
Feudalism-
Why?
Military service lead to new ________. This was expensive, therefore knights needed land to support themselves.
Knights- Network of relationships between landholding and the obligation to provide military service to a lord; protection; stirrup, armor, bigger horses

12. Kings were weak because: The lord’s manor was the government
Noble women were pawns in marriage politics.
They depended on vassals for protection, gave up land, could not tax church (had more land), little financial resources, ; marriages were arranged between nobles, based on landownership and military service

13. The Western Church
The Roman noble lost control of the papacy
The Catholic Church became a force of _____ in the fragmented Medieval Europe.
Church deals with issues such as:
UNITY; education shortages, political disorder, lingering polytheism, clergy still marrying, nepotism(favoratism to kin), simony; banned first-cousin marriage

14. Politics and the Church
Merging of powers between church and state
Holy Roman Empire-
962 Charlemagne
Pope Gregory VII makes a bold move
Loose coalition of German princes p. 229

15. Investiture Controversy
How was this resolved?
Concordat of Worms 1122
Henry II tried to bring the church under control as part of his general effort to strengthen his power.
I.c= areument on who should have the power to appoint bishops who held land in fief. Resolved at Worms 1122 in Germany when pope gives Godly authority but king gives secular authority. In the past king had both.

16. Monasticism Originally developed in Egypt. Regular v. Secular clergy1. 2. 3.
Regular v. Secular clergy
Benedictine abbey of Cluny:
They also served as ____, _____, _______.
Mono- nuns/monks living in communities; 1 isolation2poverty3obedience to abbot; set of written rules to govern monastary. Also served as inns, orphanages, and agricultural estates

17. Kievan Russia,
Russia runs from the Black and Caspian Seas in the south to the Baltic and White Seas in the north.

18. Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and Turks
Russia was inhabited by: Slavs, Finns, and Turks. Forest dwellers, steppe nomads, and farmers traded with each other. Long distance trade linked Russia to the Silk Road.
Kiev and Novgorod
Kiev and Novgorod- centers of trade. Slav-from central and eastern europe (czechs, poles, -slavia) finns- sweedish finnland

19. In 980 Vladimir I became Grand Prince of Kiev.
What did he choose as the official state religion? Why?
Adopted culture of Byzantine
Internal political struggles and conflict with external foes led to a decline in Kievan Russia after 1100.
Jews kingdom was destroyed, Muslims couldn’t drink, Impressed with beauty of Constantinople

20. Society and Culture Depended on trading instead of agriculture. Why?
Social status higher
than peasants.
Small population.
Christianity
spread slowly.
Polytheism and pagan customs lasted until the 12th century.

21. Western Europe Revives, 1000-1200
Slow population increase, money based economy, new technology
Population doubled; kings gained power

22. Cities and Rebirth of Trade
Cities turned to manufacturing and runaway serfs increased population
A year and a day
Trade
Italy, Venice=
Flanders=
Coins
Dominant sea power trade with muslims, made wool

23. The Crusades, 1095-1204 Israel/Jordan/Palestine= “Holy Land”
Under Muslim control for centuries; tolerance/everyone is welcome
Turkish nomads became a threat to Christians

24. The Roots of the Crusades
Reasons:
Pope Urban II (1095)
1. religious zeal 2. knights willingness to engage in church sanctioned warfare 3. desire for land 4. interest in trade. - ma

25. The Impact of the Crusades
Limited impact on Muslim world. Why?
Effects:
Ended European intellectual isolation- translation of Arabic (Greek) literature; MEDICINE; trade, poetry, guitar (lute)