2. 21
Teaching Through Play 2

3. Key Terms active-physical play manipulative-constructive play
imitative-imaginative play
play therapy
language-logic play
prop box
visual arts
manipulative stage
scribbling
representation stage
transparencies
percussion instruments
rhythm instruments
melody percussion instruments

4. Objective
Describe the importance of play and play activities in children’s lives.

5. Importance of Play
Recent research has recognized the importance of play in the development of children
physical
intellectual
social-emotional

6. Play and Physical Development
Improves
muscles and nerves
Helps heart
and lung systems
Helps maintain
a healthy weight
Improves balance
and coordination

7. Play and Intellectual Development
Logical
concepts
Symbol
systems
Language
Humor and
creative
thinking

8. Play and Social-Emotional Development
Children become aware of others through play
develop trusting relationships
continued

9. Play and Social-Emotional Development
Teaches concepts of rules, rights of property, sharing, settling disputes
Learn acceptable and unacceptable behavior, teamwork, leadership skills
Work out feelings and problems

10. Stages of Play From a few months to 35 months play with objects
practice play
play with people
solitary play
onlooker play
parallel play
continued

11. Stages of Play From age three through elementary grades
play with objects
symbolic play
play with people
associative play
continued

12. Stages of Play Peaks at age 9 or 10 play with objects play with people
rule play
play with people
cooperative play

13. Types of Play Manipulative- Active-physical constructive Imitative-
imaginative
Language-logic

14. Active-Physical Play Active-physical play uses gross-motor skills
Through active-physical play, children
learn about the space around them
learn about objects in this space and the movement of the body
improve and test many physical skills
learn to become more graceful

15. Manipulative-Constructive Play
Manipulative-constructive play involves fine-motor skills
also involves eye-hand coordination
Manipulative-constructive play helps children to mentally picture objects
also helps children make abstract models of what they see

16. Imitative-Imaginative Play
In imitative-imaginative play, children pretend to be objects or persons other than themselves
promotes creativity, planning, problem solving, decision making
used in play therapy to help children resolve certain problems
continued

17. Imitative-imaginative Play
There are three stages of imitative-imaginative play
Imitative play
Socio-dramatic play
Dramatic play
continued

18. Imitative-Imaginative Play
Imitative play begins at about age two
symbolic thought
Dramatic play begins at about three or four years of age
role-playing with more than one child
Socio-dramatic play involves five- to seven-year-olds
play with a theme

19. Language-Logic Play
Language-logic play is the form of mental play most often seen in school-age children
must think ahead and plan strategies
object puzzles, word problems, chess

20. Objective
Explain how adults can help children learn through play, art, music, science, and literature.

21. The Adult’s Role in Children's Play
Allow freedom to play
Allow time to explore
Display the right attitude toward play
acknowledge the importance
convey the importance to children

22. Select Toys with Care Infants and toddlers Preschool children
texture, sounds, push and pull toys
Preschool children
gross- and fine-motor materials
prop box contains a set of realistic objects related to a certain role
School-age children
sports equipment, board games, crafts
continued

23. Select Toys with Care Select toys that aid all aspects of development
Avoid giving too many toys that do not allow much child involvement or stimulate creativity
Plan toys for different play settings
indoors, outdoors, travel

24. Did You Know?
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is the governmental office that addresses the safety of products sold in the U.S., including children’s toys.

25. Objective
Give examples of creative activities that stimulate children’s physical, intellectual, and socio-emotional development.

26. Providing Enrichment Activities for Children
Art
Music
Science
Literature

27. Art Visual arts create products that appeal to the sense of sight
Visual arts help children’s development
fine-motor skills
sensory concepts
thinking about the world
making choices
self-esteem

28. Stages of Development in Visual Arts
In the manipulative stage, children play with art materials rather than use them to create artwork
continued

29. Stages of Development in Visual Arts
First step, enjoy art for motor reasons
Second step, scribbling (consists of dots, straight and curved lines, loops, spirals, imperfect circles)
Third step, use of basic shapes
Transition step, create first symbols
continued

30. Stages of Development in Visual Arts
In the representation stage, children create symbols that represent objects, experiences, and feelings
decides what the symbol is before creating it
shows spatial relations among objects
draw baseline near bottom of paper
draw two or more baselines
draw objects perpendicular to baseline
continued

31. Stages of Development in Visual Arts
Draw from mixed perspectives
Exaggerate size to show importance
Draw symbols as transparencies (pictures that show inside and outside of an object at the same time)
After seven or eight years of age, representation is often more advanced
more detail, visual depth

32. The Adult’s Role in Stimulating Art Experiences
Introduce children to art activities suited to their stages of development
continued

33. The Adult’s Role in Stimulating Art Experiences
Provide the right environment and supplies
Demonstrate use of materials without making models for children to copy
Show interest in art activities
both the process and the final product

34. Music Rhythmic Sounds in patterns many pitches Degrees of loudness
continued

35. Music Children hear and respond to music
paying attention, moving, making sounds
First instruments are often percussion instruments (produce a tone when struck)
rhythm instruments (without pitch)
melody percussion instruments (produce various pitches)

36. The Adult’s Role in Guiding Music Experiences
Introduce music activities suited to children’s interests
listening
singing
playing instruments
moving to music
continued

37. The Adult’s Role in Guiding Music Experiences
Provide an environment that is rich in sound
model enthusiasm and an enjoyment of a variety of music
Listen to, and praise, children’s musical attempts

38. Science Children are born scientists Children wonder and seek answers
Answers are repeatedly tested
Scientific material surrounds children

39. What Is Science?
To children, science is wondering about the world and everything in it
Before children can wonder, they must progress through a few steps
be aware
focus on an object or happening by ignoring other things
observe
continued

40. What Is Science?

41. Adult’s Role in Encouraging Science Activities
Encourage children to
wonder
appreciate the beauty of their world
focus on science in everyday life
Read books about science to children
Provide lessons on caring for nature
Model care for the environment

42. Focus of Science Activities
Learn about
the world
Develop
respect for
living things
Learn
physical
knowledge
concepts
Overcome
some fears by
understanding
causes

43. Literature Literature opens new worlds for children entertains
is an important learning tool for concepts and language 43

44. Benefits to Children
Can enrich life and help children appreciate beauty
Can answer questions and cause children to want to learn
Helps children hear the rhythm of language, rise and fall of the voice, and tongue-tickling phrases
Builds active and passive vocabularies
continued

45. Benefits to Children
Helps children to make up their own stories at an early age
Helps children to express themselves through dramatic play, art, music
Helps children to better understand themselves by hearing stories that draw on their backgrounds

46. Selecting Books for Children
Books need to be on the child’s developmental level
babies and toddlers enjoy hearing nursery rhymes
toddlers and preschoolers enjoy picture books with quality pictures
older children enjoy books with more involved plots and written descriptions
continued

47. Selecting Books for Children
Story time should help children relax
Adults should read in interesting ways
Follow-up activities can be planned

48. What Would You Do?
Imagine you have been asked to host a story time for toddler and preschool children in your neighborhood.
What books would you select to read to the children? What follow-up activities would you plan?

49. Glossary of Key Terms
active-physical play. Play that uses gross-motor skills.
imitative-imaginative play. Play in which children pretend to be persons or objects other than themselves.
language-logic play. Form of mental play common in school-age children that involves words and logical concepts.

50. Glossary of Key Terms
manipulative-constructive play. Play that uses fine-motor skills.
manipulative stage. First stage in children’s visual-arts development in which they play with art materials rather than use them to create artwork.

51. Glossary of Key Terms
melody percussion instruments. Instruments that produce various pitches when certain bars are struck, such as xylophones.
percussion instruments. Musical instruments that produce a tone when struck.

52. Glossary of Key Terms
play therapy. Use of play between a child and a trained counselor to help the child resolve certain problems.
prop box. Container that holds a set of realistic objects related to a certain role for children’s use in play.

53. Glossary of Key Terms
representation stage. Second stage in children’s visual-arts development in which they create symbols to represent objects, experiences, and feelings.
rhythm instruments. Percussion instruments without a definite pitch, such as most drums.

54. Glossary of Key Terms
scribbling. Second step in the manipulative stage of visual-arts development in which writing consists of dots, straight and curved lines, loops, spirals, and imperfect circles.
transparencies. Pictures that show the inside and outside of an object at the same time, much like an X-ray.

55. Glossary of Key Terms
visual arts. Forms of art that create products that appeal to the sense of sight.