1. Hunter Crowton & JC Sessions
Revolts
Hunter Crowton & JC Sessions

2. Concert of Europe
Conservative European Powers created Concert of Europe
Anti-Bonapartist, ensured maintenance and well-being of Europe
Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria were the original countries.
France was included in 1818 in Aix-la-Chapelle.

3. Intervention
Principle of Intervention: Giants of Europe could assist in preventing rebellion in one country.
Britain disagreed, Russia, Austria, and Prussia supported it.
Used in Spanish Revolts and Italian Revolts.
It helped Frederick IV (Spain) and Ferdinand I (Italy) overcome revolution and keep their rule.

4. Latin American Revolts
Napoleon's Continental War weakened Spanish and Portuguese rule in Latin America.
Simon Bolivar used this to free Columbia and Venezuela
Jose de San Martin freed Chile and Peru
They joined forces for the final Spanish army.
The Concert of Europe tried to intervene.
The Monroe doctrine and the British Navy prevented intervention.

5. The Greek Revolts
Intervention could be flipped to support a revolution if the powers saw it fit.
The Greeks were under Turk control, but national sentiment made them want independence.
The powers decided to aid them.
A British/French fleet attacked the Ottoman armada while Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
The Treaty of Adrianople gave power of Greece over to Europe, which made it an independent kingdom.

6. British/French revolts
British Parliament dominated by Whigs and Tories.
Tories response to failing agricultural prices was the corn law, which made stuff very hard for the lower classes.
Mass protest meetings ended with Peterloo Massacre at Saint Peter’s Field in Manchester.
King Louis xviii adopted Napoleon’s Civil code
Angered Ultraroyalists who believed in a monarchial system, privileged aristocracy, and Catholic dominance.
Charles X succeeded Louis and obliged to Ultraroyalist wishes.
Public outrage forced him to compromise (ministerial responsibility).
He ended up breaking down the legislature and left France on the brink of another revolution.

7. Russian Stuff Russia was very Autocratic in the 19th Century
Alexander I made educational reforms and relaxed censorship.
Napoleon made him Reactionary
Opposition arose form his strict actions (Northern Union)
Nicholas I was heir to Alexander
He was attacked by military leaders of the Northern Union.
The revolt transformed him from a conservative to a reactionary leader.
Strengthened political police