1. The Carbon Cycle

2. Radiative energy budget

3. Radiative energy budget

4. Global warming since 1860

5. Change in atmospheric CO2 (a) since 1958 (“Keeling curve”) (b) since (c) since 160,000 years ago

6. Global carbon cycles: reservoirs and fluxes
Reservoirs in gigatons Fluxes in gigatons per year

7. Paleoclimatology: icehouse vs
Paleoclimatology: icehouse vs. greenhouse periods Three scenarios: (1) icehouse: no liquid water (2) greenhouse: liquid water (with or without ice) (3) run-away greenhouse effect: only water vapor (Venus)