1. Cellular Respiration

2. Adenosine Triphosphate
energy P
enzymes
Universal energy carrier of the cell
Active transport
Reproduction
Movement
Muscle contractions
Protein synthesis
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy
Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

3. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Primarily in mitochondria
Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP
Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)

4. Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm
2ATP energize & break the glucose
PGAL
PGAL A P P P A P P P C C A P P P C C C C A P P P
nucleus
mitochondria

5. Glycolysis Start: Glucose (6C) in cytoplasm
2ATP energize & break the glucose
Enzymes add two more P
NAD removes H to create NADH… 4ATP created
Two Pyruvate (3C) molecules created
Finish:
Two pyruvates
4 ATPs (net gain of 2)
NADH (H taxis) A P
PGAL
NAD
PGAL A P P C C H P
NAD C H
pyruvates
NAD C C C P A P A P
nucleus P
NAD A P A P A P A P
mitochondria

7. Glycolysis Summary

8. Moving to the “powerhouse”
matrix
inner membrane C C C
pyruvates
pyruvate
nucleus A P A P A P A P
pyruvate
mitochondria

9. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: In the matrix
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
In the matrix
Area 1: Pyruvate broken into acetic acid
NAD removes H to create NADH
CO2 waste generated
Acetic acid C H C
CO2 C
NAD
NAD C C C

10. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 2: Coenzyme-A bonds to acetic acid… creating Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Acetic acid
CoA C C H C C C

11. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 3:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 3:
Citric acid is formed when Acetyl-CoA bonds with a 4C molecule from the previous Kreb’s cycle
Acetyl-CoA
Citric acid
CoA C C C H C C C

12. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 4:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 4:
Citric acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule
NAD + H bonds to make NADH
CO2 waste released
Citric acid C
CO2 C H C C C C
NAD
NAD H C C C

13. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 5:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 5:
5C broken into 4C molecule
NAD + H bonds to make NADH
2ADP + 2P bonds to make 2ATP
CO2 waste released
CO2 C A P A P H C C C C
NAD A P A P
NAD H H C C C

14. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 6:
Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule
NADH and FADH2 created H C C C C H C H C C C
NAD
FAD
FAD
NAD H H H C C C

15. Cellular Respiration matrix The Kreb’s Cycle: Area 6:
inner membrane
The Kreb’s Cycle:
Area 6:
Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule
NADH and FADH2 created
Acetyl-CoA bonds to 4C molecule to recreate citric acid
Process repeats
Citric acid
CoA C C C C C C H H H H H H C C C

16. Kreb’s Summary 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create:
6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

17. Cellular Respiration matrix Inner membrane Matrix H C ATP synthase

18. Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain
ATP
synthase
Inner membrane
Matrix H e e H e H
NAD
NAD
NAD e H e H
FAD
Electron Transport Chain
Area 1: NADH and FADH2 deliver H and electrons

19. Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain
ATP
synthase e e e
Inner membrane e e
Matrix H H H H H
Electron Transport Chain
Area 2: H+ ions pumped out of the matrix

20. Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain
ATP
synthase e e e
Inner membrane e e
Matrix A P A P A P A P A P A P P P P
Electron Transport Chain
Area 3: ATP produced when H diffuses back into the matrix
ADP + P bond to create ATP
34 ATPs created

21. Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain
ATP
synthase e e e
Inner membrane e e
Matrix H O H H O
Electron Transport Chain
Area 4: Water created by O + H + e bond together
Water exits as waste H A P A P A P

23. Your essay question on the next test!
Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

24. Review Place the following steps in order from start to finish.
A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart
B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A
C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm
D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane
E) Citric acid created
F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase
G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules

25. Kobe Kuiz Place the following steps in order from start to finish.
G) Glucose is broken into pyruvate molecules
C) 4 ATP molecules created in the cytoplasm
B) Acetic acid bonds to coenzyme A
E) Citric acid created
A) 2ATP created when 5C molecule broken apart
D) NADH and FADH2 deliver hydrogen electrons to mitochondria membrane
F) Largest amount of ATP created when H travels through ATP synthase

26. Kreb’s (Citric Acid) Cycle

27. Electron Transport Chain

28. Electron Transport Chain

29. Kreb’s (Citric Acid) Cycle