1. IN WHAT COUNTRY WERE YOUR SHOES MADE?
Top #7 Shoe-Manufacturing Countries in 2016
China
India
Brazil
Vietnam
Indonesia
Pakistan
Thailand

2. INTERNATIONAL TRADE: MING CHINA & THE INDIAN OCEAN NETWORK
Learning Goal 3: Describe what characteristic of global trade after the European discovery of the western hemisphere and explain the role Ming China played in global trade.

3. IMPORTANT TERMS TO KNOW
Eunuch
castrated male. Important servants in the Ming government
Tribute
gifts offered to show respect and admiration
Colonialism
Act of one country taking control of another country or region

4. MING DYNASTY
China: 1368 – 1644
Peasant revolt and uprising drove out the Mongols
Ming Dynasty founded by Hong Wu, peasant soldier and Buddhist monk
Reestablished Chinese rule and make sure no foreign rule would ever happen again

5. EMPEROR HONG WU MING GOVERNMENT Buddhist Monk
Brought stability to China
Rebuilt the infrastructure
Bridges
Canals
Roads
Temples
Reinstated the civil service exams
Centralized government and put eunuchs in charge
Neo-Confucianism, as well as influences from Daoism & Buddhism

6. FORBIDDEN CITY Located in Beijing
Surrounded by 40-foot high walls and a moat
Highest-ranking civil servants and officials lived in the city
Emperor’s palace in very center
Only the emperor, his family, and certain officials/eunuchs were allowed in his palace

7. DECLINE OF THE MING DYNASTY
China stopped trading with foreigners
No foreign trade = no market for Chinese goods
No market = no money for producers
No money = widespread poverty
Political corruption
Emperors would waste money on lavish parties
Heavy taxes = Peasants get mad!
Famine = Peasants starve
Politically Weak = military weak = invaded by the Manchus
The last Ming emperor hanged himself on a tree in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City.

8. BUT BEFORE THE MING DYNASTY COLLAPSED…

9. INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK
Silk Road = used for trading by land
Indian Ocean = trade via ship
Primary trading nations:
Portugal
Netherlands (the Dutch)
China (until the Ming collapsed)
Spain
East Africa
Islamic Empire (what remained of it after the Mongols)
Philippines
Great Britain
Japan

10. INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK: WHO WANTED WHAT?
Europeans wanted spices from Asia
Why?
No refrigerators – need a way to preserve meat
Spices allow meat to stay fresh longer
Make things more delicious ☺
Allow time for responses, should come up with Asia – ask, so were the Europeans hopeless? NO! They trade for this stuff….

11. COMPETITION! Muslims controlled most of the trade routes
China stopped foreign trade after the Ming Dynasty collapsed
Portugal had military advantage
Established military bases along coast of Africa, Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and China

12. PORTUGAL’S TRADING POST EMPIRE
Military bases spread across the world: Africa, Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and China
Lasted about a century
Eventually assimilated into local societies in Asia and Africa
Steep decline by 1600 – overextended and competition

13. COLONIALISM BEGINS Spain took over the Philippines Easy and bloodless
Major missionary effort
Remained part of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898!
Great Britain focused on India
Traded for pepper, spices, and cotton textiles

14. EAST INDIAN COMPANIES
Dutch and English formed private trading companies to trade with India
Militarily and economically stronger than the Portuguese
Both will begin to deal in bulk for a mass market
Trading posts will eventually turn into a conventional form of colonization

15. NETHERLANDS (THE DUTCH)
Focused in Indonesia
Controlled small spice-producing islands
Banda Islands
Dutch killed, enslaved, or left to starve almost the entire population (15,000) and then replaced them with Dutch farmers and slave laborers
Would sell nutmeg, mace, and cloves at 14 – 17 times the price they paid in Indonesia
Profits soared, but local economy of the Spice Islands was shattered and people were left impoverished

16. JAPAN RUSSIA Used profits from silver to unify country
developed a market-based economy
Invested heavily in agriculture and industry
Families took steps to have less children
Outcome: flourishing, highly commercialized economy
Laid foundation for the 19th century Industrial Revolution
Fairly new to trading
Major source of furs for Western Europe and Ottoman Empire
Profits from furs allowed for rapid expansion
Tax or tribute imposed on every male between 18 – 50 payable in furs

17. SILVER TRADE: CHINA
Chinese had a favorable balance of trade with Europe
Silk was still in high demand in Europe
The Chinese wanted silver
Chinese population was required to pay their taxes in silver
China purchased a lot of silver
To afford silver, the Chinese had to sell their own goods
China became central to world market
Silver “went round the world and made the world go round”
Bolivia, Japan, Spanish America, and the Philippines provided silver

18. Next Up: Webquest
We will explore the Indian Ocean trade using online maps!
-Go to
-Scroll down
-In the middle, under “Era Maps” click “Medieval Era”
-Use the map to complete the first column

19. Map of the Indian Ocean Region