1. Japan Returns to Isolation
Section 3
Japan Returns to Isolation
The Tokugawa regime unifies Japan and begins 250 years of isolation, autocracy, and economic growth.
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2. Essential Question
How did the political and social changes in Japan and China impact these countries?

3. Japan Returns to Isolation
A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders
Local Lords Rule
In 1467, civil war destroys old feudal system in Japan
Period from 1467 to 1568 is called time of the “Warring States”
Daimyo—warrior-chieftains—are lords in new feudal system
Emperor is figurehead with no real power
Daimyo build armies of mounted samurai and gun-bearing infantry

5. Japan Returns to Isolation
A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders
Oda Nobunaga—powerful daimyo who seizes capital of Kyoto in 1568
Nobunaga tries to eliminate rival daimyo and Buddhist monasteries
General Toyotomi Hideyoshi carries on Nobunaga’s work
By 1590, controls most of Japan
Launches invasion of Korea, but effort ends when he dies

6. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class! 
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.

7. Japan Returns to Isolation
A New Feudalism Under Strong Leaders
Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan
Tokugawa Ieyasu takes over, completes unification of Japan
In 1603, he becomes shogun, or sole ruler and sets up capital at Edo, which grows to be Tokyo
Uses restrictions to keep daimyo under control
Tokugawa Shogunate rules Japan from 1603 to1867
Tokyo today is one of the largest cities in the world. Tokugawa is regarded as one of the greatest Japanese rulers

8. Japan Returns to Isolation
Life in Tokugawa Japan
Society in Tokugawa Japan
Long period of peace, prosperity, cultural growth
Structured society, with shogun as actual ruler
Confucian ideas influence society
Peasants suffer from high taxes; many leave farms for cities
By mid-1700s, Japan becoming urban society
Most women lead sheltered lives

10. Kabuki Theater Japan Returns to Isolation Life in Tokugawa Japan
Culture Under the Tokugawa Shogunate
Traditional culture thrives
Tragic noh dramas popular among samurai
Townspeople enjoy new type of realistic fiction
Many people enjoy haiku—three-line poetry that presents images
Kabuki theater—skits with elaborate costumes, music, and dance
Kabuki Theater

11. Japan Returns to Isolation
Contact Between Europe and Japan
Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and technology to Japan
In 1540s, European traders begin arriving; they welcomed by Japanese
European firearms change Japanese way of fighting
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12. Japan Returns to Isolation
Contact Between Europe and Japan
Christian Missionaries began to arrive in Japan in the 16th century (c. 1549)
By 1600, about 300,000 Japanese are Christians
Japan’s rulers upset by this, ban Christianity
After 1637 rebellion, Christianity is forbidden in Japan
After peasant rebellion (most were Christian) the shoguns ruthlessly persecuted Christians and led to the formation of an exclusion policy
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13. Japan Returns to Isolation
The Closed Country Policy
Growing Tensions
First Europeans arrive when Japan has no central authority
Shoguns, who later take power, dislike European ideas, ways of life
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14. Japan Returns to Isolation
The Closed Country Policy
Japan in Isolation
Shoguns limit European trade to port of Nagasaki
Only Dutch and Chinese are allowed to trade; shoguns control trade
Japanese people are forbidden to travel abroad
Japan develops in isolation
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15. Japan’s First Embassy
As We Saw Them

16. Stop and Think

17. Introduction
How did Japanese society become structured in the Tokugawa period?
What were the conflicting bases of this structure?
How did that structure begin to change after the opening of Japan?
How was centralization reinforced after the opening of Japan?

18. Unification and Centralization
Three Generals: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu
Land survey and allocation
Alternate attendance of lords (daimyo)
Establishment of a system of cities
Closure of the country

19. Transportation, Alternate Residence and the Creation of a System of Cities

21. Social Stratification
Samurai and Nobility (Shi)
Farmers (No)
Craftsmen (Ko)
Merchants (Sho)
(Floating world (Ukiyo) people and Eta)

22. End Here