1. PROTEINS
and ENZYMES!

2. Proteins are Polypeptides (polymers)
Produced: In the ribosomes through the process of protein synthesis
Monomer: Amino Acids (20 total) (assembled together based on DNA instructions and connected by a peptide bond)
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Nitrogen (CHON)

3. the Polymer of a protein is a polypeptide.
Carboxyl Group
Amine Group
What Functional Groups do you see?

4. You recognize a protein structure by looking for NH2 (Amine Group) on one side and COOH (Carboxyl Group) on the other side

5. 4 Levels of Protein Structures Primary – The Amino Acid sequence
1. Assembly

6. Protein Structures 2. Folding
Secondary – Characteristic structures - folds as alpha helix and pleated sheet

7. Protein Structures 3. Packing
Tertiary – Three dimensional structure; folded and coiled – now functional

8. Protein Structures 4. Interaction
Quaternary – Three dimensional structure composed of multiple subunits; more than 1 folded

9. Examples you should know well!
Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
Hemoglobin – carries oxygen in the blood
Insulin – controls blood sugar
Keratin & Collagen – structure & support
Muscles – contraction
Channel Proteins – transport
Antibodies – defense against pathogens (bad things)

10. Proteins can be found in:
Meats
Eggs
Eye color
Hair
Skin
YOU!

11. Denature – unfolding or unbending of a protein
Caused by a temperature or pH change
EX: Cooking an egg = denaturing by
applying heat