1. National Health Systems
Chapter 13
National Health Systems
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FIGURE 13.1 Total health expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, Note: Some 2010 and 2011 data are available but incomplete.
Source: OECD Report Health at a Glance Available at: [Accessed 2 January 2014].
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FIGURE 13.2 National health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment, 1987–2011.
Source: Managed Care Fact Sheets. National HMO enrollment graph 1987–2011. Available at: [Accessed 31 March 2013].
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FIGURE 13.3 Health expenditures, Canada, 1976–2011.
Source: CIHI Canadian Institute Health Information. National Health Expenditures 1975–2011. Available at: [Accessed 30 May 2013].
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FIGURE 13.4 Health expenditures, percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, 2000–2009
Source: OECD Indicators. Health at a glance, Available at: [Accessed 14 June 2013].
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FIGURE 13.5 Life expectancy at birth in years, Nordic countries, 1970–2011.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; January Available at:
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FIGURE 13.6 Nordic countries, standardized death rate, cerebrovascular diseases, all ages per 100,000 population, 1970–2011. Note: EU = European Union.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; June Available at:
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FIGURE 13.7 Life expectancy at birth in years, Germany, the Netherlands, and European Union (EU), 1970–2005.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; November Available at:
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FIGURE 13.8 Standardized death rate, cerebrovascular diseases, all ages, per 100,000 population, Russia, European Union members, and Central Asian Republics (CARK), 1980–2010. Note: Three-year moving averages.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; Available at:
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FIGURE 13.9 Acute care hospital beds per 1000 population, Russia, European Union, and Central Asian Republics (CARK), 1980–2010.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; March Available at:
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FIGURE Life expectancy at birth in years, Russia, European Union, and Central Asian Republics (CARK), 1970–2010.
Source: World Health Organization, European Region. Health for All database; March Available at:
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FIGURE Fertility rate, India, 1990–2009.
Source: Office of Registrar General, India. Maternal and child mortality and fertility rates; 7 July Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2013].
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FIGURE Under-five child mortality, rate per 1000 live births, India, 1990–2009.
Source: Office of Registrar General, India. Maternal and child mortality and fertility rates; 7 July Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2013].
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FIGURE Maternal mortality rates, India, trend 1999–2009. Note: EAG = Empowered Action Group states.
Source: Office of Registrar General, India. Maternal and child mortality and fertility rates; 7 July Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2013].
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