1. LINGUISTICS AND ITS FIELDS
LI Nathalie F. Martin
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linguistics

2. Table of Content At the end of this chapter you will know: Linguistics
Fields of linguistics:
Descriptive linguistics
Theoretical linguistics
Applied linguistics
Language:
dialects, pidgins, creoles

3. UP FOR A CHALLENGE ?
The Fields of Linguistics:
Try to find ways in which linguistics could be useful for your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

4. Perspectives Describe this object:
Write on a piece of paper.
You have all given different descriptions since you looked at it in a different perspective.
The same can be said about language !

5. Mise en
situation

6. Perspectives The same can be said about language …
One « object », in other words « language », but different perspectives …

7. Perspective Grammar Grammar: Panini Greek Latin and French And today …
1st grammar
Sanskrit (4th century BC)
To preserve sacred writings
Greek
Latin and French
And today …

8. The early days of the study of language
Philology (anthropology through ancient writings)
- Objet: ancient civilisations
Historical linguistics
- Objet: language(s) and it’s/their evolution
Comparative linguistics:
- Objet: comparison BETWEEN languages

9. Comparative linguistics
Comparative Linguistics (examples: languages):

10. Comparative linguistics
Comparative Linguistics (examples: French dialects):
Picard :
CHAT: « ka » rather than « sha » (chat : ch'cat [ka]),
MERCI: [ke] / [ki] > [che] / chi (ex : merchi).
BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [oe] > [o] (le bois : ch'bos)
Francian :
BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [we] > [wa] : le bois
MERCI: [ki] > [si] (merci)
Dialects of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries,

11. The modern study of language
Linguistics
The modern study of language

12. What Is Linguistics? Ferdinand de Saussure :
Founder of modern linguistics.
His students published his course notes in 1916.
Cours de linguistique générale.
Language: Code & social institution

13. What Is Linguistics? “The scientific study of human language.”
Scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology, phonetics), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.

14. Theoretical Linguistics
Phonology 
Morphology
Syntax 
Semantics 
Pragmatics

15. Applied Linguistics Descriptive linguistics
Anthropological linguistics Comparative linguistics Historical linguistics Etymology  Sociolinguistics
Computational linguistics Forensic linguistics Language acquisition Language assessment Language development Language education Linguistic prescription Linguistic anthropology Neurolinguistics Psycholinguistics Stylistics

16. Fields of LINGUISTICS
Applied
Lingusitics
Sociolinguistics

17. Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS Ethnolinguistics
Benjamin Lee Whorf

18. Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS Dialectology
Atlas linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne (sud-ouest de la France)

19. Fields of LINGUISTICS
Applied
Lingusitics
Psycholinguistics

20. Fields of LINGUISTICS
Applied
Lingusitics
Lexicography

21. Fields of LINGUISTICS
Applied
Lingusitics
Language planning

22. Fields of LINGUISTICS
Applied
Lingusitics
Neurolinguistics

23. Applied Lingusitics Fields of LINGUISTICS
FORENSIC LINGUISTICS:
The use of linguistic techniques to investigate crimes in which language data constitute part of the evidence
Ex: In 1950 Timothy Evans was hanged for a murder, but then granted a posthumous pardon in 1966.
Applied
Lingusitics

24. UP FOR A CHALLENGE !!!
How can linguistics be useful to you in your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).