1. Southeast Asia & The Pacific Region Physical Geography Page 268-288
Chapter 10
Southeast Asia & The Pacific Region
Physical Geography
Page

2. Section 1- Southeast Asia

3. The Land Mainland Southeast Asia Island Southeast Asia Cambodia Laos
Myanmar
Thailand
Vietnam
Malaysia ***
Covered by forested mountains
Most people live along narrow river valleys
Singapore
Brunei
Indonesia
Philippines-7,000 islands
Malaysia ***
Along the “Ring of Fire”
Many islands are actually peaks of underwater volcanoes

4. Climate & Vegetation Look at the map on page 272
What regions of Southeast Asia have a tropical wet climate?
West coast of Myanmar, southeastern coast of Vietnam, and most of Southeast Asia

5. Monsoons
Why do you think the both coasts of southeastern Asia’s mainland have a tropical wet climate?
The Indian Ocean summer monsoons blow from the southwest and bring rain to Myanmar, while the Pacific Ocean monsoon blows from the southeastern coast to Vietnam.

6. Malaysia’s Monsoons

7. Effects of Tropical Wet Climate
2nd largest tropical rainforest region in the world
Rain forest provide thick vegetation
Typhoons are very dangerous in this region
High winds and heavy rain lead to property damage and loss of life

8. Using the Land and Resources
Farming is the main way people of this region make a living
About 40% of the people work in agriculture
Subsistence and commercial farming are both important to this region
Cash crops in Southeast Asia include
Coffee, tea, rubber, soybeans, sugar cane, fruit and RICE

9. Rice in Southeast Asia
Has been a chief product of Southeast Asia for centuries
Needs hot climate and plenty of water to grow
Rice grows better when planted in the water
Paddy- a level field that is flooded to grow rice

10. Rain Forest Resources Production in the Rain Forest Major Challenges
Rain forest contain a variety of plant and animal life
Rain forest are a key source of lumber, medicines, and chemicals
Cutting down the trees in the rain forest
On the island of Java, in Indonesia, over 90% of the trees in the rain forest have been cleared
Mudslides are common because the loss of trees have weakened the soil
Thailand has banned logging in natural forest

11. Other Resources Bamboo as a Resource Mineral Resources
Bamboo is a fast-growing grass that produces a woody stem.
Giant bamboo can grow up to 100 ft tall
Used for houses, irrigation pipes, ropes, & bridges
Philippines is one of the largest producers of bamboo
Oil deposits are found in Indonesia, Myanmar, and Brunei
Natural gas is very plentiful in Southeast Asia
Indonesia & Malaysia have the largest reserves of natural gas
Thailand has a large supply of natural gas in the gulf of Thailand

12. Section Review Answer the questions 1-3 & Writing Activity on page 276
Answer in complete sentences

13. Section 2- Australia & New Zealand
Key Terms
Marsupial- an animal, such as a kangaroo, that carries its young in a body pouch.
Tectonic plate- a huge slab of rock that moves very slowly over a softer layer beneath the Earth’s crust.
Geyser- a hot spring that shoots a jet of water into the air.
Fiord- a long, narrow inlet or arm of sea bordered by steep slopes created by glaciers.
Glacier- a perennial mass of ice which moves over land

14. Australia & New Zealand

15. Unique Environments
Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian Oceans
New Zealand lies in the Pacific Ocean to the east of Australia
Because these islands are so isolated small changes have occurred in the animals and plants of this region.
Many birds have lost the ability to fly but still have wings

16. Unique Plants & Animals
New Zealand
Australia
Kiwi & Yellow-eyed penguins only found in New Zealand
84% of New Zealand’s plants only grow in New Zealand’s forests.
Kangaroos and koalas are marsupials which can only be found in Australia.
Marsupials are found elsewhere in the world, like opossums in the U.S., but in Australia, nearly all mammals are marsupials

17. Kangaroos

18. New Zealand Sheep

19. Moving of the Plates
New Zealand & Australia is the result of forces beneath the Earth’s surface.
Australia, New Zealand, & the Pacific Islands were once a large landmass called the Indo-Australian plate.
As the plates broke away they slowly drifted towards Asia

20. Australia’s Physical Geography
Earth’s smallest continent
About the size of the continental U.S.
Most Australians live along the eastern and southern coasts.
Region receives ample rainfall
Winds blow from the west across the Pacific and form rain through the moisture in the air
This makes the region’s climate mild and pleasant

21. More About Australia’s Physical Geography
The Murray and the Darling Rivers are the two most important rivers in Australia.
They flow across the vast plains that contain most of Australia’s fertile farmland.

22. New Zealand’s Physical Geography
Climate is much cooler than Australia because New Zealand is farther from the Equator.
No place in New Zealand is more than 80 miles from the sea. Therefore, the climate is mild with plenty of rainfall.

23. Two Major Islands
North Island & South Island were formed by volcanoes when the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates collided.
Both have forest, highlands, lakes, and rugged, snowcapped mountains

24. The Islands North Island South Island
Has a high mountain range called the Southern Alps
Mount Cook is the highest peak in this range, (12,349 ft)
Glaciers cover the mountainside and crystal clear lakes dot the landscape
Fiords are found on the southwest coast
Canterbury Plain is fertile land used for farming and herding sheep and cattle.
Middle of the island lies a volcanic plateau
Three volcanoes are active
Geysers shoot scalding hot water up to 100 ft in the air
New Zealanders use the geysers’ energy to produce electricity
Contains the capital city of Wellington and largest city, Auckland

25. Section 2 Review
Complete key terms and critical thinking questions, 1-3 on page 281

26. Section 3- The Pacific Islands
Key Terms
High island- an island formed on the mountainous top of an ancient volcano
Low island- an island formed on coral reefs or atolls
Atoll- a small coral island in the shape of a ring
Coral- a rock-like material made up of the skeletons of tiny sea creatures, most plentiful in warm ocean water

27. Pacific Island Facts
Include the 2nd largest island in the world, New Guinea. (half is in Indonesia, other half is independent nation of Papua New Guinea)
Includes the smallest nation in the world, Nauru (8 square miles)
Three main groups of islands
Melanesia- “black islands”
Micronesia- “small islands”
Polynesia- “many islands”

28. High & Low Islands High Islands Low Islands
Mountainous and formed by volcanoes
Soil consists of volcanic ash and is very fertile
Much larger than low islands
Can support much more people than low islands
Made up of coral reef or atolls
The coral forms around a volcanic island and as the island is worn away, the coral continues to grow.
Fewer people live on low islands because the soil is sandy and few crops can be grown
Most people make their living by fishing

29. Atoll Island

30. Melanesia Most inhabited group of islands North & east of Australia
Most are high islands
Papua New Guinea is the largest and most populated island in Melanesia
Some other smaller islands include;
Fiji, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia

31. Micronesia Mostly low islands
Covers an area about the size of the U.S.
Most lie north of the Equator
Some islands are less than 1 square mile
Guam is the largest at 209 square miles
Most Micronesian Islands are divided into groups

32. Polynesia Largest island group in the Pacific
Hawaii, Tahiti, and Samoa are part of Polynesia
Very few low islands, but Tonga & Tuamotus are examples of low islands

33. Climate and Vegetation
Hot year round
Daytime temps average 80’s –mid 90’s, nighttime temps average 75
Most islands receive heavy rainfall all year long
Heavy rainfall, high temperatures , and fertile soil high islands like Papua New Guinea and the Hawaiian Islands have rich vegetation.
Low islands have little vegetation. Palm trees, small shrubs, and grass can grow

34. The Cook Islands

35. Natural Resources & Land Use
Very few natural resources in the Pacific Island countries
Coconut palm is the most important resource
Fish is another important resource
Cash crops-sugar, copra (coconut oil), taro, yams, sweet potatoes
Tourism provides a valuable source for income to the Pacific Island region.
Australia & The U.S. have the greatest number of visitors

36. Section Review Define key terms and answer question 1-2
Complete the writing activity on page 288