1. Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 644-661 (October 2011)
Prognostic Factors and Predictive Models in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Contemporary Review 
Maxine Sun, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Christopher Cheng, Vincenzo Ficarra, Masaru Murai, Stéphane Oudard, Allan J. Pantuck, Richard Zigeuner, Pierre I. Karakiewicz 
European Urology 
Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages (October 2011)
DOI: /j.eururo
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2. Fig. 1 Biologic pathways and markers in renal cell carcinoma.
AKT/PKB=akt/protein kinase B (gene); CAIX=carbonic anhydrase IX; EGF=endothelial growth factor; ERK=extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GF=growth factor; GFR=growth factor receptor; HIF=hypoxia-induced factor; MEK=methyl ethyl ketone; MMP=matrix metalloproteinase; mTOR=mammalian target of rapamycin; PDGF=platelet-derived growth factor; PDGFR=platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PTEN=phosphatase and tensin homolog; VEGF=vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR=vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; VHL=Von Hippel-Lindau.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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