1. “Perfect” Thermal/Planck/Blackbody Radiation  Temperature
“Perfect” Spectral Line Radiation  Material Composition
Q: How can we use Light to detect Motion…?

2. “Doppler Shifts”…for Sound

3. “Doppler Shifts”…for Light

12. Stellar Companions… “Binary / (Multiple) Stars”
“Visual Binaries” (not mere “Optical Double Stars”)
are very convenient… but what if you can’t separate them?

13. A “Spectroscopic Binary” Star System

15. Detecting Planets in Other Solar Systems…
“Direct Imaging”…?
(Possible but Very Difficult!)

19. Q: How to detect dim “Extrasolar Planets” (“Exoplanets”)?
A: Use Newton’s Third Law!
(“Action-Reaction”…
i.e., “Force-Counterforce”)

23. Other Exoplanet Detection Methods (e.g., the Transit Method)

27. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia:

34. The “Habitable Planets Catalog”:

36. Detecting the “Molecules of Life” in Exoplanet Atmospheres…!