1. COS 125 Day 3

2. Agenda Questions from last Class?? Todays topics Connecting to the Internet Assignment #1 is due on Feb 5 Quiz #1 on Feb 12 Chap 1-26 20 M/C, 4 short essays, One extra credit Question 60 Min, open book, open notes

3. Connecting to the Internet Lots of ways to connect with more being invented General rule >>> faster is better In order of speed Telephone modem Cable modem or DSL Direct LAN connection Newest way is wireless WiFi, Cellular, WiMAX

4. Where do you get Internet Service ISPs St. John Valley Communications Pivot.net EarthLink Bluelight Online Service AOL MSN

5. How a modem works Modems allow digital signals to go over an analog circuit Analog Data Smooth changes among an infinite number of stateslike hands going around an analog clock Digital Data Few states In a digital clock, each position can be in one of ten states (the digits 0 through 9)

6. Quiz Which is Analog? Which is Digital? Calendar Clock Number Of Fingers Audio CD On/Off Switch TV

7. Sending data with a modem Computer Modem Telephone PSTN Modulated Analog Signal 1011 Amplitude (Loudness or Intensity) Modulation 1010010101 Binary Data 1011 becomes loud-soft-loud-loud

8. Getting Data with a modem Computer Modem Telephone PSTN Modulated Analog Signal 1011 Amplitude (Loudness or Intensity) Modulation 1010010101 Demodulated Binary Data Loud-soft-loud-loud becomes 1011

9. Modems Two types Internal External Computers control modems using the Hayes Command Set Hayes Command Set In the early days of the Internet (early 1990s) users had to program the modems using Hayes command set to connect to an ISP

10. Modem Speeds V.34 Send and receive at up to 33.6 kbps Fall back in speed if line conditions are not optimal V.90 Receive at up to 56 kbps Send at up to 33.6 kbps Asymmetric speed is good for WWW service. Other party must have a digital connection to the PSTN

11. Modem Speeds V.92 Receive at up to 56 kbps Send at up to 33.6 kbps or higher if the line permits Other party must have a digital connection to the PSTN Modem on hold: can receive an incoming call for a short time without losing the connection Cuts call setup time in half

12. Telephone Modem Communication PSTN Client A Server A Telephone 33.6 kbps Modem Binary Data Analog Modulated Signal Modem Need Modem at Each End Up to 33.6 kbps

13. Figure 7.2: Telephone Modem Communication PSTN Client B Server B Telephone Digital Access Line 56 kbps Modem For 56 kbps Download Speed Server Must Have a Digital Connection (ISDN PRI), Not a Modem

14. How Internet TV works TV was the first Information Super highway Able to move of lot of info to the user Problem was User could not interact with the info Unidirectional The internet allows Interactive use Greater bandwidth means TV like performance http://wwitv.com/ http://wwitv.com/ Existing TV cable system also can bring you High Speed Internet service TV and Internet are combined in some services like MSN TV MSN TV MSN bought out Web TV

15. Cable Modem Services PC Subscriber Premises 5. Cable Modem 4. Coaxial Cable to Premises 2. Optical Fiber to Neighborhood 3. Neighborhood Splitter ISP 1. Cable Television Head End 6. Requires NIC or USB port

16. MSN TV Can watch TV and get on the Internet at the same time Requires MSN TV receiver (keyboard & mouse) Phone access TV Receiver acts like a PC and TV receiver all at once Uses a proprietary web browser and lots of proxy web servers

17. Internet Enhanced TV TV networks send both TV signal and digital information to your homes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_television A special receiver formats digital signals and overlays that information on the TV image Digital information is interactive WWW HTML

18. Digital Subscriber Lines Uses existing Phone lines to get very high speed Internet Access Up to 55 Mbps (1000 times faster than a V.90 modem) Normal speeds for ADSL is 384 kbps down/ 96 kbps up Pivot.net 768 kbps down/128 kbps up On 24/7 and doesnt interfere with regular phone usage The faster the DSL speed the closer you must be to the phone company

19. ASDL with Splitter Data WAN PSTN DSLAM ADSL Modem Splitter Telephone Subscriber Premises Telephone Company End Office Switch 1. Existing Single Pair of Voice-Grade UTP Wires PC 2. 3.

20. ASDL with Splitter Data WAN PSTN DSLAM ADSL Modem Splitter Telephone Subscriber Premises Telephone Company End Office Switch PC 1. Data 256 kbps to 1.5 Mbps 2. 64 kbps to 256 kbps

21. ASDL with Splitter Data WAN PSTN DSLAM ADSL Modem Splitter Telephone Subscriber Premises Telephone Company End Office Switch PC 1. Ordinary Telephone Service

22. How DSL works ADSL UP < Down Uses POTS Distance effects Bandwidth Phone service is normal

23. Old Online services Available prior to public internet service (ISPs ~ 1995) BBS (bulletin board service) AOL, Prodigy, CompuServe Some local BBSs Gave you email & chat only with other users of the same online service Allowed file transfers up and down Applications, pictures, music Required subscription fees and phone access Never really popular in rural areas

24. Modern Online Services Internet Plus Gives access to all (or most) of the Internet through gateways Several Propriety applications Lost of data firewalled away from the Internet Walled gardens Most common is AOL and MSN Both use TCP/IP Great for Internet Novices Much greater control over Spam, viruses

25. How Wireless works All sorts of devices Laptops PDA Cell phones Peripherals Many types of wireless WiFi Satellite Bluetooth Cellular WiMAX

26. WiFi 802.11 standards 802.11b 11Mbps @ 2.4 GHz 802.11a 54 Mbps @ 5 GHz 802.11g 54 Mbps @ 2.4 GHz Devices must have a WiFi card and they connect to Wireless Access Points (Hot spots)

27. WiFi

28. Typical 802.11 Wireless LAN Operation with Access Points Wireless Notebook NIC Access Point Industry Standard Coffee Cup To Ethernet Switch Antenna (Fan) PC Card Connector

29. Typical 802.11 Wireless LAN Operation with Access Points Switch Client PC Server Large Wired LAN Access Point A Access Point B UTPRadio Link Handoff If mobile computer moves to another access point, it switches service to that access point Notebook CSMA/CA+ACK UTP

30. Wardriving

31. War Drive How To Equipment needed Car Another person (prevents accidents!) Laptop with wireless access Wireless antenna optional Netstumbler software GPS unit Drive around till Netstumbler detects an access point Analyze access point Record coordinates using GPS Mark on Electronic Map Chalk mark sidewalk Why? Most access points are not secure (no WEP) Allows free internet access Hackers use as entry points to get to other more secure networks

32. Chalk Symbols

33. WiMAX 802.16 standard Uses cell towers Home or pc based http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm

34. Satellite Internet

35. Orbits

36. GEO Satellite System 2. Point-to-Point Uplink 3. Broadcast Downlink 4. Footprint 5. Earth Station A Earth Station B 1. Geosynchronous Satellite Satellite appears stationary in sky (35,785 km or 22,236 mi) Far, so earth station needs dish antenna At speed of light takes 250 ms to travel distance

37. Wireless Internet Access for small devices Cell phones and PDA do not have big enough screens for full size Web Pages WAP Wireless access protocol WML Wireless markup language WAP gateways converts regular HTML to WML and vice versa

38. WAP

39. BlueTooth Wireless networks for peripherals Personal Area Network Does not provide Internet Access Limited range

40. Personal Area Networks (PANs) Connect Devices On or Near a Single Users Desk PC, Printer, PDA, Notebook Computer, Cellphone Connect Devices On or Near a Single Users Body Notebook Computer, Printer, PDA, Cellphone The Goal is Cable Elimination

41. Personal Area Networks (PANs) There May be Multiple PANs in an Area May overlap Also called piconets

42. 802.11 versus Bluetooth LANs Focus Speed 802.11Bluetooth Large WLANsPersonal Area Network 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps In both directions 722 kbps with back channel of 56 kbps. May increase. Distance 100 meters for 802.11b (but shorter in reality) Number of Devices Limited in practice only by bandwidth and traffic Only 10 piconets, each with 8 devices maximum 10 meters (may increase)

43. 802.11 versus Bluetooth LANs Scalability Cost Battery Drain 802.11Bluetooth Good through having multiple access points Poor (but may get access points) Probably higherProbably Lower HigherLower DiscoveryNoYes Discovery allows devices to figure out how to work together automatically

44. Figure 5.11: Bluetooth Operation File Synchronization Client PC Slave Notebook Master Printer Slave Printing Cellphone Telephone Piconet 1

45. Figure 5.11: Bluetooth Operation Client PC Notebook Printer Slave Printing Call Through Company Phone System Cellphone Master Telephone Slave Piconet 2

46. Figure 5.11: Bluetooth Operation File Synchronization Client PC Slave Notebook Master Printer Slave Printing Call Through Company Phone System Cellphone Master Telephone Slave Piconet 1 Piconet 2

47. Home Networks Many Homes have more than one computer or Internet Device Dont want to provide Internet to each device independently Connect all device to a network and provide Internet access to the Home networks Sometimes called SOHO networks SOHO >> small office/home office

48. Needed to build home Networks Internet Access Broadband DSL or Cable modem A way to connect all devices Wired with Ethernet Hub or Switch Expensive Wireless (WiFi) Easier & Cheaper A network Address Scheme Most broadband device provide DHCP Use Microsoft Internet Connection Sharing ME, XP, Windows NT Firewall Keep hackers out

49. WiFi Home network

50. Wireless Media Get rid of wiring PPP or Multi http://www.dlink.com /products/?pid=318 http://www.dlink.com /products/?pid=318 Wireless Speakers

51. Smart House If your home has a network then can get Internet enabled appliance Control systems that you can access from anywhere Security systems Places to check http://www.smarthomeusa.com/ http://www.smarthome.com/index.html

52. For next class Read through chapter 26 (page 187) Extra Credit Question on Next exam How many Hackers have been arrested in Maine? Can you name any successful prosecutions of Hackers in the state of Maine? What is the problem in catching and prosecuting Hackers in Maine?