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Earthquakes and Volcanoes

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Presentation on theme: "Earthquakes and Volcanoes"— Presentation transcript:

1 Earthquakes and Volcanoes

2 Magma Magma is LESS DENSE than the rock around it and slowly forced up as lava. (Magma Chamber – space deep in the Earth that contains the molten rock.) What causes volcanoes?

3 Anatomy of a Volcano Magma reaches the surface and flows out through an opening called a vent. Lava flows out quickly and becomes solid, forming layers of igneous rock around the vent. A crater (opening at the top of a volcano) forms. (Caldera – larger crater up to 50 km in diameter)

4 Where do volcanoes occur?
At Divergent plate Boundaries (15%) Separated plates form long deep cracks called rifts. Lava flows out and is instantly cooled by seawater. Ex. Iceland Laki

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8 4/15/2010 Lightning in the ash plume of Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano. Credit: Olivier Vandeginste

9 the Northern Lights have been rippling across the Icelandic sky over Eyjafjallajokull

10 At Convergent plate Boundaries (80%) – Magma is created in the subduction zone and is forced upward when 2 plates converge.

11 At hot spots (far away from plate boundaries)
– some areas in the mantle are hotter than others and melt rock, which is forced up as magma. Ex. Hawaiian Islands

12 Yellowstone


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