1. Cells Big Picture Review
Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes; organelles; cell transport; cell energy;

2. Organelles- Tiny structures that have specialized functions
Mitochondrion
Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi body
Centrioles
Chloroplast (plant)
Vacuole
Lysosomes

3. What do Animal cells have that Plant cells don’t?
A small vacuole
lysosomes
cytoskeleton

4. What do Plant cells have that Animal cells don’t?
Central vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall

5. Phospholipids Draw and Label
A pair of fatty acid chains attached to a phosphate group
Polar (water-soluble) heads face out
nonpolar (water-insoluble) fatty acids hang inside.
Draw and Label
Polar Head – phosphate group
Nonpolar Tail – lipid (fatty acids)

6. Types of Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion – Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Simplest form of passive transport

7. Passive Transport
Substances move, at random (by kinetic energy), to establish an equilibrium – the same amount on each side

8. Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
Moves water based on the amount of dissolved particles
Water moves from an area with a lot of “free” water molecules to an area with less “free” water molecules

9. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION - Moves specific substances through a cell membrane with the aid of a carrier (transport) protein.

10. Active Transport Low concentration to high concentration Requires ATP
Uses “Pumps” to get through cell membrane

11. THEY ALL HAVE 4 COMMON FEATURES
CYTOPLASM
CYTOSKELETON
RIBOSOMES
CELL MEMBRANE

12. Prokaryotes (primitive cells)
Lack membrane bound organelles
Have a cell wall
Some have cilia or flagellum
No nucleus- Loop of DNA in the cytoplasm

13. EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE A NUCLEUS- TRUE CENTER
HAVE MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
DNA IS LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS

14. Cell Membrane Acts as a barrier Surrounds the cell
Regulates what enters and leaves- Selectively Permeable
Composed of proteins and phospholipids,
Arranged into a lipid bilayer.

15. Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reaction- A process by which atoms are changed or reorganized.
Chemical Reactions need energy.
In a Reaction, you start with the reactants and end up with the products.
Reactants- Products

17. Photosynthesis in Overview
Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars.
Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Overall equation:
6 CO H20  C6H12O O2
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.

18. Cell Respiration in Overview
Process by which organisms use sugar and oxygen to make energy.
Requires oxygen and sugar.
Overall equation:
C6H12O O2  6 CO H20 + Energy (ATP)
Occurs in cells in the mitochondria.

19. ATP
ATP stores energy
Energy is released when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group is broken, forming ADP. Adding another phosphate will change it back to ATP.
ATP is like a charged battery.
ADP is like an empty battery.