1. The Atlantic Revolutions
Part 1

2. The Atlantic Revolutions, 1775-1825
North American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, 1791 – 1804 Spanish American Revolutions, 1808 – 1825 Impact felt around the world Inspired by Scientific Revolution Inspired by the Enlightenment The idea that people can improve society

3. Revolutions Challenge old ways of thinking
The divine right of kings
Aristocratic privilege
State control of trade
The authority of a single church

4. New ideas replace old ideas
Liberty
Equality
Free trade
Religious tolerance
Human rationality
Republicanism
Popular Sovereignty
The authority to govern is derived from the people
The right of rebellion

5. Late 18th and early 19th centuries
These ideas were limited to the Atlantic world.
All four revolutions eliminated monarchs
Established republics – government with a monarch
In Asia and the Middle East, republics were unimaginable

6. The Atlantic Revolutions had a global impact
They inspired people around the world to ❦ Abolish slavery ❦ Expand the right to vote ❦ Develop constitutions ❦ Secure greater equality for women The ideas of human equality inspired ❦ Feminist movements ❦ Socialist movements ❦ Communist movements

7. The North American Revolution , 1775-1787
The first in a series of revolutions Colonists fighting for independence from British rule A conservative movement Colonists want to preserve existing liberties Upset by new British policies that threatened the autonomy they had enjoyed for 150 years

8. Origins of the North American Revolution
1760s -- British government deep in debt England asked the American colonists to help pay off the debt England abandoned neglectful oversight of the colonies American colonists outraged by new taxes Taxes and tariffs challenged their ◆ economic interests ◆ local autonomy ◆ identity as true “Englishmen.”

9. The ideas of the Enlightenment
American colonists inspired by enlightenments ideas
Popular sovereignty, natural rights, etc.
Declaration of Independence
Americans defeat the British
With the help of the French
1787 Americans adopt a federal constitution
Uniting 13 separate colonies into one nation
The United States of America

10. A conservative Revolution
Independence did not lead to social transformation Same men who led the colonies led the new nation Land was not seized from its owners Slavery remained legal Women and people of color remained subordinate

11. The American Revolution
American Revolution was revolutionary Began dismantling of Europe’s New World empires. Inspired revolutionaries and nationalists around the world ★ Simón Bolívar ★ Ho Chi Minh Put the Enlightenment into practice ★ The Declaration of Independence ★ The Constitution of 1787

12. The French revolution, 1798 -1815
Very different from the American Revolution American: Colonists fought a distant imperial power French: Rooted in class conflicts inside France itself No class was happy with the status quo in France French Revolution was more violent than American

13. The French revolution, 1798 -1815
Began with conservative objectives Establish a constitutional monarchy Promote harmony among the social classes Internal and external pressures cause the revolution to become more violent 1793, King and Queen executed Reign of Terror, Tens of thousands executed on the guillotine

14. The French revolutionaries . . .
Abolish monarchy and establish a republic Destroy monuments Eliminate titles – everyone becomes “citizen” Ordinary people become engaged in politics Nationalism – People think of themselves as “French”

15. War in Europe
European monarchies united against French 1793 and 1815 France at war France created the world’s largest army French & American Revolutions influence others Americans inspired others with ideals French influenced by conquest Napoleon Bonaparte, r Napoleon creates largest European empire since the day of the Romans

16. Napoleon’s Revolutionary ideas
Napoleon brought revolutionary ideas to his empire ❦ He ended feudalism ❦ He proclaimed equality of rights ❦ He insisted on religious toleration ❦ Codified laws ❦ Rationalized government administration. Many places welcomed the French reforms

17. The fall of napoleon Many places resented and resisted the French
French occupation inspired nationalism in Europe
1815 – Russia and Britain defeat Napoleon