1. Thinking Geographically
By: Noor Ghuen
Miruna Stefanescu
and Nathan Cadmus

2. What is Cartography?
Cartography is the science and study of mapmaking.

3. What are the most considerations of cartographers?
Cartographers consider scale(The ratio between the size of an area on a map and he actual size of the same area on earth) and projection (a representation of one thing onto another).

4. What is Geographical Information System (G.I.S.)?
G.I.S. captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographical data
G.I.S. uses geocoding, which is the position of
any object on Earth that can be measured and
recorded with mathematical precision and stored
in computers
Used in Rubenstein’s AP Human
Geography book

5. What is Remote Sensing?
Remote Sensing is the acquisition of data about the Earth’s surface from an orbiting satellite
In remote sensing, images are taken in space and then get transmitted into digital form to a receiver on Earth
Reporting deforestation
through pictures from the satellite

6. What are the components of the global grid?
The components of the global grid are longitude and latitude
Latitude measures degrees north and south,
while longitude measures east to west
The earth’s global grid is based off of
am x-y coordinate system, with origin
at 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude

7. What is the relationship between time and longitude?
Time is measured by the meridians, which are the lines of longitude, starting at 0 degrees longitude, which is called the prime meridian
From there, every degree is another hour of time,
Prime Meridian in Greenwich

8. What is the relationship between climate and latitude?
The parallels, which are the lines of latitude, measure from 0 degrees latitude ( the Equator) the colder it gets
The Equator has the highest temperatures because that’s where the sun hits the earth directly and as you go further
away from it, the temperature decreases
Equator in Ecuador, where there are always hot
temperatures

9. What is a toponym?
A toponym is the given name to a portion of the earths surface.

10. What are the types of regions?
Functional- an area organized around a focal point. (the Houston area)
Formal- Specific characteristics that are relatively uniform within the region.(also Houston)
Perceptual- Exists in the minds of people.(the south’s border)

11. How do people sort themselves out across space?
People will be dispersed in an area based on necessity or convenience. Farmers will be spread out at longer distances due to land ownership, while people in the city will be more confined within an area out of convenience.

12. What is site and situation?
Site- The physical characteristic of a place. (Denver is on a mountain)
Situation- The location of a place relative to other places. (Dallas is about 250mi. from Houston)

13. What is spatial distribution?
The arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface.

14. What is possibilism and environmental determinism?
Possibilism- The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human action.
Environmental Determinism-A nineteenth and early twentieth century approach to geography that argued that the laws sought by geographers could be found in physical sciences.

15. What is density?
Density is something exists within a given unit or area.

16. What is Frequency?
The amount of times something occurs in a given area.

17. What is concentration? The dispersion of something over a given area.