1. Exam Review
Team Challenge

2. The sequence of events or happenings in a story
Plot
The sequence of events or happenings in a story

3. Foil
A character who emphasizes another character by emphasizing differences

4. Exposition
Action is introduced. Reader gains background information about setting, characters and conflict

5. Rising Action
Tension builds. Working to solve the problem. Leads to the turning point

6. Action of the story reverses. Determines how the action will turn out.
Turning Point
Action of the story reverses. Determines how the action will turn out.

7. Action after the climax. The plot winds down.
Falling Action
Action after the climax. The plot winds down.

8. The final outcome of the story. How the conflict is resolved.
Resolution
The final outcome of the story. How the conflict is resolved.

9. Struggle between two forces
Conflict
Struggle between two forces

10. Man vs. Self Struggle is within the mind of the character
Internal Conflict
Man vs. Self Struggle is within the mind of the character

11. External Conflict
Struggle against some outside force. Man vs. man; man vs. society; man vs. nature; man vs. supernatural

12. Characterization DARTS Ways that the writer reveals the personality
of a character to the reader.
DARTS

13. Theme
What the story means. What the author wanted you to gain from reading the story

14. The main character. Who the story is about
Protagonist
The main character. Who the story is about

15. The character or force in conflict with the protagonist
Antagonist
The character or force in conflict with the protagonist

16. Secondary Characters
Characters other than the protagonist and antagonist, but are necessary to the plot

17. Drama
A story acted out usually on a stage by actors who take parts of specific characters

18. Juxtaposition
When two words or ideas are placed side by side for contrast

19. Static Characters
Stay the same throughout the story. They do not grow or change in any important way

20. Soliloquy
A speech, usually lengthy, in which a character alone on stage expresses his thoughts out loud

21. Dynamic Characters
Change or grow during the story. They learn something from their experiences that changes them internally.

22. Aside
Words spoken by a character in a play, usually in an undertone, not intended to be heard by other characters on stage

23. Monologue
A long uninterrupted speech that is spoken in the presence of other characters

24. The reader only learns one or two traits of the character. One-sided
Flat Character
The reader only learns one or two traits of the character. One-sided

25. Tragedy
A literary work in which the central character, a person of nobility, meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Gives the audience an opportunity for catharsis.

26. The reader learns about many sides of the character’s personality
Round Character
The reader learns about many sides of the character’s personality

27. Time, place and atmosphere of the story given in the exposition
Setting
Time, place and atmosphere of the story given in the exposition

28. Dramatic Irony
A device whereby the audience understands more of a situation or of what is being said than the character does.

29. Situational Irony Events or issues in the story happen opposite
of what is expected

30. Verbal Irony Writer or speaker says one thing but really means
something completely different

31. Imagery Language that appeals to the five senses: sight, sound,
touch, taste, smell

32. The author’s/ narrator’s attitude toward the subject or audience
Tone
The author’s/ narrator’s attitude toward the subject or audience

33. Prologue
A preface to a play or story giving background information related to the setting and characters

34. Hints about what will happen later in the story; a clue
Foreshadowing
Hints about what will happen later in the story; a clue

35. Onomatopoeia
Use of words that
sound like
what they mean.
POW!

36. Who is telling the story
Point of view
Who is telling the story

37. Theme
The big idea that the writer wants the reader to gain from the literature. Theme is a truth about life, not a moral or a single word topic.

38. Imagery
Language that appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, smell.

39. Figurative Language
Use of the language that describes one thing in terms of another and is not mean to be understood on a literal level.

40. Metaphor
Comparison between two unlike things that is stated directly. There is no connecting word.

41. Simile
Figure of speech comparing two things using a connecting word such as “like, as, than…”

42. Personification
A special kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is given human traits.

43. Hyperbole
Exaggeration to express strong emotion or create comic effect.

44. Speaker
The voice that talks to the reader. It is NOT always the writer.

45. Characterization
How the writer reveals the personality of a character to the reader. There are 5 ways.
DARTS

46. Conflict A struggle between opposing forces.
Can be either internal or external

47. Alliteration
Repetition of similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

48. Connotation
All the meanings, associations or emotions that a word suggests.

49. Diction
A writer’s or speaker’s choice of words. Often reflects his tone.

50. Tone
Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject or a character.

51. Mood
The feeling that the reader gets from reading a piece of writing.

52. Allusion
Reference to a statement, a person, place or an event from literature, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports, science or pop culture.

53. Sonnet
Fourteen line lyric poem usually written in iambic pentameter. Either structured as an Italian with an octet (octave) and a sestet or as a Shakespearean with three quatrains and a concluding couplet.

54. Symbol
Person, place or thing that stands for itself and for something beyond itself.

55. Rhyme Scheme
The pattern of rhyme in a poem. Can include exact rhymes (moon, June) and approximate rhymes (hollow, mellow).

56. First person
Uses “I”. The narrator is a character in the story, usually a main character.

57. Third objective
Uses “he, she, it”. Narrator only reports what characters say and do. Shows no thoughts or feelings. “fly on the wall”

58. “All knowing” narrator can tell what all characters think and feel.
Third omniscient
“All knowing” narrator can tell what all characters think and feel.

59. Narrator can tell what one or two characters think and feel
Third limited
Narrator can tell what one or two characters think and feel

60. Stage Directions
Instructions in a play, usually in parenthesis or italics, which tell the actors or technicians what to do

61. Autobiography
The story of a
person’s life
written by
that person.

62. MYTH
Genre in which a traditional story, rooted in a particular culture, usually serves to explain a mystery of life

63. Dialogue
Conversation between characters

64. Personification
An animal, object, natural force, or idea is given human traits

65. Pun
Humorous use of a word or phrase to suggest two or more meanings at the same time

66. Biography
The story of a person’s life written by someone else.

67. Fiction
Genre in which the content is made up; a made up story.