1. Battle for a Continent
The Oath - Acadia

2. Acadia was traded back and forth between Britain and France four times in thirty years and in 1755 it was still on the front line in the continuing hostilities between the two countries.

3. The British took control of Acadia/Nova Scotia in 1713 and found themselves in control of over 10,000 French speaking citizens whose loyalty they were unsure of.

4. The British made the Acadians swear an oath of loyalty to the British Crown

5. The British made the Acadians swear an oath of loyalty to the British Crown (so if a new war started between France and Britain they wouldn’t be able to fight for France).

6. Over 40 years later a new war was about to start
Over 40 years later a new war was about to start. Most of the Acadians were not even alive in 1713 when the first oath was taken

7. Over 40 years later a new war was about to start
Over 40 years later a new war was about to start. Most of the Acadians were not even alive in 1713 when the first oath was taken – most were born as British citizens although they still spoke French – but they were still not trusted. A new oath was called for by the British.

8. In 1755, the British attacked and captured Fort Beausejour (a French Fortress in NB) and claimed to find three Acadians fighting for the French.

9. In 1755, the British attacked and captured Fort Beausejour (a French Fortress in NB) and claimed to find three Acadians fighting for the French.

10. The British demanded that all of the Acadians re-swear their original oath or be deported.

11. The British demanded that all of the Acadians re-swear their original oath or be deported. The Acadians refused and the British expelled them.

12. In what is called the Expulsion of the Acadians, British soldiers forcibly rounded up almost all of the 10,000 Acadians,

13. In what is called the Expulsion of the Acadians, British soldiers forcibly rounded up almost all of the 10,000 Acadians, burned their houses and placed them on ships bound for France or Louisiana.

14. Over 3,000 died from disease and hardship on the ships.

15. Was it necessary?

16. THE FALL OF NEW FRANCE
Top 5 Reasons

17. 1. GEOGRAPHY New France relied heavily on the St. Lawrence River.
Once Louisbourgh fell to the English, the colony was vulnerable to attack.

18. 2. ECONOMY Mercantilism kept the colony dependent on France.
Lack of development kept the population very small (Under 70,000).
The 13 colonies to the South (English) had about 1.5 million people.

19. 3.AREA OF NEW FRANCE The colony was very large in size.
A small population had to defend a long frontier.

20. 4. DISSENSION
Montcalm and the Governor (Vaudreuil) did not agree on defence policy.
Corrupt officials (Intendant Bigot) took advantage of the colony during wartime. (inflated prices, spent lavishly)

21. 5. TACTICAL ERRORS Montcalm made several blunders.
Plains of Abraham – 1759 (Canada: A People’s History video).

25. The Conquest of New France
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
-Territorial changes
A program to transform New France into a British Colony.
King George III’s royal proclamation of 1763 forbade colonial settlers from moving West of the Appalachian Mountains

27. Quebec Act, 1774 French civil law/British criminal law
Religious freedom for Roman Catholics
Seigneurial regime
crown council
extension of boundaries (Ohio Valley to Quebec – Today U.S. Territory)
- clergy and seigneurs satisfied
- Anglophone merchants unhappy
- reinforcement of French institutions
- refusal to grant an assembly
But - new boundaries gave control over western fur trade
- were prepared to live with it
- rest of the population barely
affected