1. Unit 3, Topic 2 – Settlement Change

2. SETTLEMENT – place where a community lives
Settlements do not happen accidently or grow by chance
Their location, shape and growth is affected by physical, human and economic factors
SITE – land on which a settlement built on
The original decision on choosing the site would have been influence by many factors

3. BESANCON - FRANCE

4. TADCASTER

5. ELY- CAMBRIDGSHIRE

6. DURHAM

7. SOUTHAMPTON

8. 5 key settlement factors
Water Supply
Defence
Communications
5 key settlement factors
Shelter
Aspect

9. Water Supply – drinking, food, cleaning, transport
WET POINT SITES – sites located near rivers, lakes or springs
DRYPOINT SITES – sites located above the floodplain

10. Aspect and Shelter South facing slopes receive more sun > warmer
South facing slopes more sheltered from cold northern winds
Most settlements began as agricultural

11. Defence Very important in centuries past
High ground, surrounded by river, mouth of river

12. Communications
Settlements grew where rivers could be crossed (BRIDGING POINT) – London, Oxford, Paris
Junctions of valleys, gaps through hills
Good communications > good trade > markets

13. Resources Early settlers needed timber, stone. Later on Coal, Oil
Also food and precious materials