1. The Nervous System and the Control of Movement
“He’s Got what you might call a control problem. The guy has a million dollar arm, but only a ten cent brain.”
--From Bull Durham (1988)

2. Nervous System
We have now seen how muscle contraction/movement occurs and how the body creates energy to sustain movement. But what initiates the movement?
The Nervous system is the body’s system which is responsible for gathering information, storing it, and responding to it. Its main objective is gather internal and external information, analyze that information and initiate certain responses to satisfy certain needs.

3. Pass it on….. 2 teams, everyone holds hands
Last person of each team holds a stop watch
When I say “GO” I will send out a signal to each team, it will travel around the circle and once it reaches the last person you must stop the stop watch
Switch up the last person of each team

5. Spinal cord

6. The Components of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

7. Overview….

8. (A) Central Nervous System
Composed of two parts:
The Brain
The Spinal Cord

9. Parts of the skull

10. Brain Frontal lobe: higher order thought, and initiation of movement
Parietal lobe: somatosensation (pain, temperature, and touch sensation from the body)
Temporal lobe: processes auditory, olfactory (smell), and gustatory (taste) information
Occipital lobe: processes visual information
Cerebellum: refines and coordinates movement

11. The Brain… Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Diencephalon Limbic System
Reticular activating system

12. Spinal Cord

13. Spinal Cord
Dorsal View 13

14. Cerebrum…Largest part of the brain!
Contains nerve centres that control sensory motor activities as well as intelligence
Divided down the middle into two halves (Cerebral Hemispheres)
Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes named after the cranial bones which protect that area of the brain

15. Cerebellum…The Second largest part of the brain!
Lies behind and below the cerebrum
Main function is to co-ordinate muscle movement and control balance

16. The Brain Stem
Located below the cerebrum and in front of the cerebellum
Links the cerebrum with the spinal cord
Responsible for autonomic functions, posture, muscle tone, and eye movement

17. The Diencephalon Consists of the Thalamus and the Hypothalamus
Located b/w the cerebrum and the brain stem
Thalamus relays sensory info
Hypothalamus controls things such as body temperature, appetite, emotions and other autonomic functions

18. Other components
The Limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions, and hunger
The reticular activating system is responsible for sending sensory information to the appropriate centres for interpretation. Also it is crucial for maintaining consciousness.

19. Spinal Cord Second major component of the CNS
Main pathway for information connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system
Runs through the vertebral column
Spinal nerves branch off of the spinal cord, b/w vertebra, allowing nerves to travel to tissues and organs
Cervical nerves are named according to where they branch away from the vertebrae. Eg. C6---deltoid, L3,4---quads

22. When Things go wrong!

23. (B) Peripheral Nervous System
The PNS consists of those parts of the nervous system that lie outside of the Brain and spinal cord
Massive road network carrying information to and from the CNS
Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain, and 31 pairs of spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord at various parts of the body
Each pair of nerves contain one motor nerve (efferent nerves) and one sensory nerve (afferent nerves).
Afferent---CNS
Efferent---muscles/organs

24. Overview revisited….

25. Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary contraction of cardiac muscle and smooth muscle cells
-sympathetic system prepares body for emergencies, and turns things on. Release of adrenaline
-parasympathetic system brings the body back to normal after being stimulated by the sympathetic system
Somatic Nervous System
Involves the awareness of our environment and the subsequent muscular activity to cope with that situation.
Involves afferent nerves sending information to the CNS, and efferent nerves sending a stimulus to muscles.
E.g. Page 97 in text…..shows how this system works together with the autonomic system

26. Sensory and Motor Neurons

27. Questions
Draw a mind map/concept map of the Nervous system. Include a brief description of each component
Outline the reflex arc. What is it? and what are the five parts?
What are proprioceptors?
Compare and contrast GTO and Muscle Spindles
What is the stretch reflex?
What is reciprocal inhibition?
What is the crossed extensor reflex?