1. European Initiatives in the field of Hydrogen Safety,
Regulations, Codes and Standards
Pisa, Italy, 8-10 September 2005
Angel PEREZ SAINZ
European Commission, Directorate-General Research
Marc STEEN
Institute for Energy
European Commission, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

2. Presentation outline EU energy policy context
The EU Framework Programmes (FP) for Research and Technology Development
Projects on hydrogen safety in FP5 and FP6
European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform – H2 safety, IG-RCS
Energy Research in FP7
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

3. The European Commission
The European Union (EU)
a treaty-based political association of European countries
defines and manages economic and political cooperation among its members.
From May 1st 2004, the EU includes 25 member countries and 450 million people.
The European Commission (EC)
the executive arm of the EU institutions and embodies the general interests of the EU.
proposes policies and legislation and implements the measures approved by the governments of the member states, represented in the European Council, and by the European Parliament.
Its responsibilities include policy areas such as trade, competition, agricultural policy and economic development, but also research, public health and humanitarian aid.
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

4. EU Energy Policy Context
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

5. Public funding of H2/FC RD&D in Europe
RD&D on H2/FC activities in Europe is funded at different levels: EU, national and regional.
The main instrument for EU funding is the RTD&D Framework Programme (FP).
The overall public budget of EU, national and regional programmes is estimated to be more than 160 Mio € per year; industry budgets are even larger.
Up to recently the EU R&D efforts were relatively dispersed, fragmented and lacking a clear overall common strategy:
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Coordination (HY-CO) as ERA-NET project
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

6. EU Support to Fuel Cell and Hydrogen R&D in Framework Programmes
275 M€
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

7. Transport applications Stationary and portable
FP6 Budget Breakdown for H2/FCs
H2 production
15%
JRC
Validation and 5%
H2 Storage
demonstration 8%
18%
H2 distribution 4%
Transport applications
Pathways and socio-
(including FC hybrid
economic analysis
vehicles) 9%
17%
Low Temperature FC-
Safety, RC&S
Stationary and portable
basic research 4%
applications 8% 6%
High Temperature FC -
basic research 6%
Total EC Contribution ~275 M€
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

8. Main dedicated projects on H2 safety & RCS in FP5
Coordinator
Duration
(months)
EC funding
Emphasis
EIHP2
LBST(B) 36
(finished)
~ 2.3 M€
Input for RCS at EU and global level - safe development of H2 vehicles on roads - refuelling station
ELEDRIVE
AVERE (B)
~ 0.7 M€
To create synergies at EU level to accelerate the deployment of FC vehicles, including recommendations for legislation and standardisation
FCTESTNET*
VDI(D)/JRC
(about to finish)
~ 2.5 M€
Development and harmonisation of FC testing protocols
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

9. Main dedicated projects on H2 safety & RCS in FP6
* submitted, ** pending submission for IPHE recognition
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

10. NoE qualifiers Main Goals Consortium
Lasting integration of R&D capacities
Long-term, multidisciplinary objectives ….
Main Goals
Contribute to a safe transition to a sustainable development in Europe by facilitating the safe introduction of hydrogen technologies / applications
Strengthen and focus, integrate fragmented research on hydrogen safety  competitive scientific and industrial community
Consortium
24 partners from 12 Eur. Countries, 1 from Canada
12 public research organisations, 7 industrial partners, 5 universities
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

11. HySafe – Action Plan on H2 safety
Risk Control
Distribution
Fires and Explosions
Mitigation
Risk
Analysis
RC&S
Application
Outcome:
Experimental databases for hydrogen safety analyses
Validated analytical and numerical tools for assessment of safety
Experimentally validated mitigation techniques and safety devices
Innovative hydrogen mitigation technologies
Methodologies for risk evaluation
Improved technical culture to handle hydrogen as an energy carrier
Inputs to European/global regulatory and standardization activities
Production
Transport
Refuelling
Street Vehicles
Other Vehicles
Portables
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

12. HySafe links with other initiatives
ISO
IEA
IPHE
CEN
HFP
North America
Zeroregio
StorHy
Japan
NATURALHY
Russia
HyApproval
CUTE
etc…
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

13. JRC efforts on hydrogen safety
Own R&D projects in networking mode with EU-projects and stakeholders
Feed-in to RCS
International outreach: IPHE RCS, IEA Task 19
Security aspects
high pressure gas storage
solid state & hybrid storage
sensor testing
safety modelling
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

14. Numerical modelling of accident scenarios (gas release and distribution, explosions)
application to H2
SOURCE
TERM
GAS DISTRIBUTION
cloud formation
influence wind
stratification
(mitigation techniques)
GAS EXPLOSIONS
laminar flame
turbulent acceleration
detonation
(damage predictions)
Hydrogen accidents in:
Nuclear reactors
Tunnels and urban streets
Refuelling stations
Pipelines
NUCLEAR
NON-NUCLEAR
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

15. EU Harmonisation of Risk Assessment for Different H2 Applications
to contribute to development of pre-normative guidelines for determination of safety distances and hazardous zones, and input to regulatory issues.
to include the hydrogen dimension into an EU-wide consistent comparison of risk information and risk communication (Energy Risks Monitor (ERMON))
EU Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD)
a classical "lessons learnt from accidents" type of database does not work for the case of HIAD
to collect information on H2 related events from open sources, and provide easily accessible, reliable and unbiased information on incidents/accidents
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

16. SRA Foundation document
- The SRA recommends a prioritised, 10-year research programme, a medium-term strategy up to 2030 and a long-term strategic outlook up to 2050.
Safety is considered as a very important issue to be part in all R&D efforts - it is treated as “cross-cutting” to all applications and technologies
- Specific safety R&D needs are also identified.
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

17. Specific R&D needs from SRA on Hydrogen Safety
Safety monitoring including sensors
Hydrogen leakage detection in CGH2 systems
Core components for refuelling stations
Novel materials, safety studies for metal hydride storage
“Fail-safe” methods to handle hydrogen boil-off
Risk assessment and design of components
Computational tools for safety studies
Evaluation of social impacts (potential poor safety perception of H2)
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

18. Technology Platform recommendations H2 safety and RCS
The H2/FC Technology Platform has produced a preliminary action plan
to address the R&D needs identified in the SRA
to establish a EU harmonised standardisation and regulatory framework for the safe operation of hydrogen & fuel cell systems,
with the following main steps:
develop handbooks/codes of best practice for the safe introduction of H2
establish a formal process / task force for assessing due diligence as regards safe use of hydrogen in projects, especially demonstration actions
assimilate and structure knowledge from pre-normative research, safety dedicated projects and demonstration activities
enhance international co-operation to secure globally compatible infrastructure and equipment
Key EU projects of international added value are being recognised by IPHE for potential collaboration
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

19. M-L research activities
Call FP Energy-4
M-L research activities
Research related to hydrogen safety will be implemented under the following topics:
Research to develop permitting guides for the installation of stationary H2/FC systems, to remove non-technical barriers and safety barriers
Enhancement of int’l cooperation dimension of running FP6 H2/FC related projects, to stimulate cooperation and exchange through IPHE framework
NOTE: call to be officially opened end of September
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

20. Proposed Priority Topics in Energy
FP 7
Proposed Priority Topics in Energy
Renewable electricity generation
Renewable fuel production
CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero emission power generation
Smart energy networks
Energy savings and energy efficiency
Knowledge for energy policy making
Clean coal technologies
Renewables for heating and cooling
Hydrogen and fuel cells
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005
ICHS Pisa 8-10 September 2005

21. FP7 proposes concept of a Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) for H2/FC
Public-Private-Partnership with an appropriate legal, governance and management structure – leveraging funding from various sources
Strong industrial participation in shared management of integrated RTD and demonstration activities, based on the research and deployment strategies developed in the Technology Platform
Supporting a European Energy Research Area
Developing outreach at international level
Capitalising on results of FP5 and FP6
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

22. FP7 EIB Structural funds From Technology Platform to
Joint Technology Initiative (JTI)
EIB
Private
Investment
FP7
Structural
funds
National
Programmes
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

23. Staying Informed
Energy Research at Europa
General information on the Sixth Framework Programme
Next Call for proposals
Energy helpdesk
Towards FP7
HFP Technology Platform
Joint Research Centre
JRC Institute for Energy
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005

24. THANK YOU !!!
Int’l H2 Safety Conf, Pisa, Italy, 8-10 Sep. 2005