1. Fact of the Day
Pandiculation is the simultaneous act of stretching and yawning. The world limbo record is currently held at 6 inches. It costs TV stations about $25,000 per football game to use the technology that mark first down with yellow lines.

2. Quote of the Day
The easiest way to keep people from getting into your personal business is to not post it on the internet. If you guys listened to me your lives would go so much smoother

3. Chapter 8: Resources and Living Things
(pp )

4. Chapter Objectives
Identify and explain how humans have an impact on Earth.
Describe various types of pollution and how humans contribute to each.
Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources, and how to conserve nonrenewable ones.
Explain how human activity has impacted Earth’s ability to support its native species and how human’s can/are combating the negative impacts of this.

5. Ia. Environmental Issues
THREE categories:
Population GROWTH (Causes the MOST environmental issues)
Resource USE
NATURAL resource: anything that occurs NATURALLY in the ENVIORNMENT and is used by PEOPLE.
Examples: trees, water, oil, coal, metal, minerals, etc…
POLLUTION: contamination of Earth’s land, water, or air (related to POPULATION growth)
Caused by wastes, chemicals, NOISE, heat, LIGHT, etc…
POINT source – a SPECIFIC pollution source CAN be identified (i.e. leaking PIPE).
NONPOINT source – widely SPREAD pollution that CANNOT be traced to a specific SOURCE (i.e. Air pollution)

6. NATURAL RESOURCES

7. Pollution types

8. Click for a video!!! Ib. Population Growth
Over time the human population has grown EXPONENTIALLY
EXPONENTIAL growth: when a population grows at an ever INCREASING rate.
The larger the population the FASTER it grows.
Click for a video!!!

9. Factors influencing population growth:
BIRTH and DEATH rates (BR or DR): the number of people that are BORN or DIE each year per 1000 people.
GROWTH is when the BR is HIGHER than the DR
MEDICAL advances – antibiotics, VACCINES, SANITATION, and improved nutrition.
Allow people to live LONGER and more babies to be BORN.
TECHNOLOGY – build CITIES, CLEAN water, and PRODUCE and DISTRIBUTE more food.
As the population gets LARGER more RESOURCES will be needed.

10. Ic. Making Environmental Decisions
Environmental SCIENCE – the study of NATURAL processes in the ENVIRONMENT and how humans AFFECT them.
To BALANCE different opinions on an environmental ISSUE, people weigh the COSTS and BENEFITS before making a decision.
Example: Logging a certain forest or building a factory

11. Fact of the Day
The average pencil has enough graphite to either draw a line 35 miles long or write 45,000 words. Crayola’s senior crayon maker, Emerson Moser, has made over 1.4 billion crayons in his career. He is also colorblind. The founder of match.com has had a girlfriend leave him for another man she met on match.com.

12. That moment when…
You’re chewing on a pen you realize you borrowed. You have a mini heart attack when you almost fall back in the chair you’re leaning backwards in. One string on your hoody is longer than the other.

13. II. Introduction to Natural Resources
Natural resources include ORGANISMS, water, sunlight, MINERALS, and oil
RENEWABLE resources – resources that are ALWAYS available or are NATURALLY replaced in a SHORT period of time.
Example: Wind, sunlight, food, water, and trees
Food, water, and trees are ONLY renewable if they are REPLACED as fast as they are USED.

14. NONRENEWABLE resources – resources that are not REPLACED in a USEFUL time frame.
Examples: Metals, MINERALS, oil, and coal (all take MILLIONS of years to form).
If not monitored, TREES and FOOD can become a NONRENEWABLE resource.

15. D. Forests as Renewable Resources
Because new trees can be PLANTED to replace the ones we CUT down, forests CAN be a renewable resource.
2 Types of LOGGING:
CLEAR-cutting – cutting down ALL trees
Causes EROSION but is CHEAPER and can create HABITATS for some animals.
SELECTIVE cutting – cutting down only SOME trees and LEAVING a MIX of tree sizes and SPECIES
LESS damaging but HARDER to do
Selective cutting is ENVIRONMENTALLY better

16. E. Sustainability
Sustainable USE: using a resource in ways that MAINTAIN the resource at a CERTAIN quality or for a certain amount of TIME.
Sustainable YEILD: amount of a renewable resource that can be HARVESTED regularly without reducing FUTURE supply.
a. Example: PLANTING a tree each time ONE tree is CUT down.

17. F. Sustainable Yields with FOOD
HALF the animal protein (FOOD) in the WORLD comes from FISH.
FISHERY: An area with a large population of valuable OCEAN organisms
OVERFISHING – when a FISHERY is used so much that fish are CAUGHT faster than they can REPRODUCE
i. OVERFISHING leads to a DECLINE in POPULATION of fish.

18. Ways to CONTROL fishing to make FISHERIES more SUSTAINABLE:
Fishing LIMITS: ban on certain SPECIES, limits on the NUMBER or SIZE that can be caught, or completely BANNING fishing in certain AREAS.
Fishing METHODS: LARGE nets that allow YOUNG/small fish to ESCAPE or OUTLAWING some methods (i.e. using POISONS or explosives).
AQUACULTURE: raising fish and other AQUATIC organisms for FOOD.
This is EXPENSIVE and requires MARSHY land
NEW resources: fish for NEW or DIFFERENT species

19. G. Managing All Resources
CONSERVATION: the practice of MANAGING the use of RESOURCES wisely so they last longer.
This works for ALL resources
Examples:
Walking, riding a bike, or the bus to SCHOOL
Turning lights OFF
Taking shorter or FEWER showers
What are other examples?

20. III. Biodiversity
BIODIVERSITY: the number of DIFFERENT species in an area (comes largely from INSECTS)
ECONOMIC value – provide us with FOOD, clothing, MEDICINES, etc…
There has also be an increase in ECOTOURISM (jobs and tourism)
ECLOLOGICAL value – ALL species in an ECOSYSTEM are CONNECTED to each other (food, shelter, protection, etc…).
A change in ONE species can IMPACT all of them
KEYSTONE species: a species that INFLUENCES the SURVIVAL of many other species in an ECOSYSTEM (otters)

21. Factors effecting biodiversity:
CLIMATE – It is believed that tropical RAINFORESTS are the MOST diverse due to their CLIMATE.
CONSTANT temperatures, lots of RAIN, and increased FOOD
AREA – a LARGE area can hold more SPECIES.
NICHE diversity – coral REEFS are SECOND most diverse because it supports different ROLES/jobs of each organism.
NICHE: the ROLE of an organism in its habitat (its JOB)
The more jobs organisms can fill, the more that can LIVE there.
Most species have ONE main job they perform in the ECOSYSTEM

22. Black Rhino - 2006 Spix’ Macaw - 2004
Genetic DIVERSITY – the more VARIATION, the more likely a species is to SURVIVE any environmental CHANGES.
GENES: information within a CELL that determines an organisms TRAITS.
Gene POOL: the total amount of genes (both SIMILAR and DIFFERENT that a species has).
Example: humans have a trait for HAIR color but there are different GENES that make different COLORS.
EXTINCTION of species – when they DIE out it effects ALL the other organisms in the ECOSYSTEM
EXTINCTION: the disappearance of ALL members of a species.
ENDANGERED: their numbers are so small they COULD become EXTINCT soon.
THREATENED: they could become ENDANGERED soon.
Black Rhino
Spix’ Macaw

23. C. Human Impact on Biodiversity
DAMAGING biodiversity:
Habitat DESTRUCTION: the loss of NATURAL habitat
Habitat FRAGMENTATION: breaking LARGE habitats into SMALLER, isolated pieces, or FRAGMENTS (i.e. Over the Hedge
POACHING: illegally killing or removing wildlife from their HABITAT.
POLLUTION – through WATER, food, or AIR the animals use.
EXOTIC species: A species from a different place that can OUTCOMPETE and DAMAGE native species (a.k.a. INVASIVE species)
i. Indiana Invasive species: Zebra mussel, Bush Honeysuckle, and Mute Swan

24. PROTECTING biodiversity:
Captive BREEDING: mating of animals in ZOOS or on wildlife preserves (Indianapolis = Elephants and Reptiles).
LAWS and Treaties:
Endangered Species Act – Requires plans to protect endangered species and prohibits the trade of products made from threatened or endangered species.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species – Lists species that cannot be traded for profit or other reasons anywhere in the world.
Habitat PRESERVATION – Protecting WHOLE ecosystems
Wildlife habitats such as PARKS and REFUGES
Sodalis Park, Brown County State Park, Turkey Run, etc…