1. Let’s join forces for capacity building…!!
This project has been funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs under Grant Agreement Number HOME/2014/ISFP/AG/EFCE/7205.
Let’s join forces for capacity building…!!
Harry Barnes-Dabban - PENAf

2. The consortium partners
11th PAPC Conference - Dakar
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3. The project concept: it’s about YOU
Best practices to detect & prosecute
The project is about WASTE
Need to prioritize waste streams
Need to invest time to prioritize needs per waste stream
Developing material and tools lasting longer than the project
New knowledge on waste crime trends
&
toolkit for response chain
Multidisciplinary training and tools
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4. Events & Meetings Kick Off EC-PM (Jan ‘16)
Meeting Consortium + H-LAB (Apr ‘16)
International Workshop + H-LAB Meeting (Nov ‘16)
Validation meeting in Dublin (Feb ‘17)
Online Webinars (5x-8x; May-Nov ’17)
Training in Rome (Sept ‘17)
Training in Beijing (Oct ‘17)
Final Conference in Geneva (Nov ‘17)
Internal meetings/events
Invitation meetings/events
Open meetings/events
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5. Three project pillars:
I. Training needs assessments
Interviews
Questionnaires
Good practices
Gaps
Identifying target groups
II. Risk analysis
Modus operandi
Priority waste streams
Trends
Routes
III: Toolkit
Online Library
F2F trainings
Webinars
Self-learning
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6. Target Group & Activities
Inspection
Transboundary Shipment/ Waste sites
Judges
Environmental Agencies
Customs
Police forces
Port Authorities
Prosecutors
Intelligence
Enforcement cycle
Sentencing
Detection
Warnings
Drop the case
Take-back proc.
Warnings
Civil sanctions
Penal sanctions
Corrective actions
Take-back proc.
Investigation
Drop the case
Prosecution
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7. DOTCOM Library - Results
The project collected over140 materials related to illicit trade and management of wastes from EU, Asia and Africa, including:
Reports, project, initiatives, scientific articles;
Training tools
Statistics;
Intelligence; and
Real cases/investigations.
Large majority of material relate to detection
Several relate to inspection, investigation and prosecution
Lack of material for judges
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8. Training needs assessment
Aim: to identify training needs, challenges and good practices in the detection, investigation and prosecution of waste crimes in China, Europe, West-Africa
Methodology:
Review DOTCOM library
Interviews China, Europe & West-Africa
Questionnaires Europe & West-Africa
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9. Training Needs Assessment
Topics relevant for all respondents
Past training experiences and needs
Implementation of guidelines and legislation
Information (exchange) and Intelligence
National and international cooperation
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10. Training Needs Assessment-Results
Training experiences and needs
Most officials in Africa have no training on waste
Need for training of more/significant number of Customs, EPA, and Port officials in Africa on:
The nature and modus operandi of waste crimes
international and national cooperation and information exchange to fight waste crimes
Intelligence gathering and risk analysis
Ports inspection processes related to waste crimes
Use of appropriate physical inspection equipment
Waste identification and classification
Waste material handling for evidence purpose
Safe handling and disposal of hazardous wastes
Understanding of relevant international and national legislations
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11. Training Needs Assessment-Results
Training experiences and needs
Need for training of more/significant number of Prosecutors, Police and Judiciary officials on:
The concept of waste crime
National and international regulations on waste
How to handle evidence materials
How to prosecute waste crimes
Sentencing for waste crimes
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12. Training Needs Assessment-Results
Inspections & Detection
Implementation of legislation: generally poor in Africa
Inspection Procedures and Safety: Rudimentary inspection techniques in Africa
Inspection equipment: mostly non-functional / lack of modern waste inspection equipment in Africa
Evidence collection - complicated
Return of waste shipments: Cost of waste repatriation can be controversial.
Customs sometimes releases the consignments before arrival of other regulatory/enforcement officials.
Joint inspection by Customs, NESREA, EPA, Interpol and other security agencies in case of suspected waste imports
Importers/Shippers of wastes destined for repatriation often uncooperative and may abscond.
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13. Training Needs Assessment-Results
Information & Intelligence
Capacity to detect waste crimes through intelligence is generally lacking in most African countries
Inspections plans: no annual waste inspection plan in WA. Ad-hoc inspections and intelligence sharing in Africa, based sometimes on tipoff by Interpol, IMPEL etc.
Databases and Software: Generally weak/no intelligence information system against waste crimes. No statistical information/Database on waste crime cases in Africa.
- Intelligence on waste imports in Africa is coordinated on ad-hoc basis.
- stakeholder regulatory institutions do not readily share information.
- No networks and bilateral/multilateral information exchange mechanisms on waste crimes among West African countries
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14. Training Needs Assessment-Results
National Cooperation
Inter-agency cooperation is fairly good in Ghana and Nigeria
Inter-agency relationships need to be improved and institutionalised
International Cooperation
Both formal and informal
Often through international organizations and networks (e.g. Interpol, INECE, IMPEL etc)
Weak cooperation on waste crime amongst West African countries. Information sharing is often through third party (Interpol).
Inter-agency cooperation : In some cases however, there is still some rivalry amongst agencies
Regulatory agencies (especially Nigeria & Ghana) cooperate well with Interpol, IMPEL, INECE, UK EPA, USEPA etc.
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15. Training Needs Assessment-Results
Investigations
Training on waste crime investigation
Tools and technologies
Upstream Investigations
Financial investigations
Prosecution and sentencing
Often hampered by use of ambiguous or lack of appropriate national waste legislations
Some Judicial officers do not have adequate and requisite knowledge for processing waste crimes
Sample handling in Africa often inappropriate for evidence purpose
Few cases prosecuted last ‘for ever’ in court. Hardly any sentencing in Africa.
Need for specialised training of prosecutors and judges
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16. Summary of Main Observations of Risk Analysis
Trafficking routes are changing and evolving (port/road hopping is common)
New sophisticated methods of concealing waste and deceiving authorities are emerging
WEEE is the most commonly trafficked waste category
Illegal waste trafficking is closely connected to legitimate businesses
Strong links between waste crimes and Organised Crime Groups (e.g. Italy)
Lack of common definition of waste
Absence of clear guidelines to distinguish between waste and non-waste
No proper waste legislation in some African countries
Lack of cost-effective screening technologies in Europe to detect waste
Limited training of law enforcement officers on waste crime
Waste crimes are lower priority for LEAs compared to other cross-border crimes
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17. DOTCOM Trainings & e-learnings
Development of a training toolkit
Training manuals and materials (posters, presentations, curriculum, etc.)
Online material
Capacity building along 2 pillars:
F2F training (4 days and approx. 25 participants) in Rome (Sep 26-29, 2017) and in China (Oct 2017 )
Online training - Webinars (5-8 M17-M24
Visit to register your interest to participate in our trainings
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18. DOTCOM Trainings & e-learnings
Key modules
The legislative landscape
Problematic waste streams
Smarter inspections & Next Gen Compliance
Inspection and detection
Investigation
Intelligence
Dealing with illegal shipments
Prosecution
Sentencing
Inter-agency collaboration
Networking
Means
Lectures
Master case / role play
Q&A sessions
Workshop / exercise / case study
Field trip/ study visit
Beneficiaries
Environmental inspectors
Customs
Police
Port authorities
Prosecutors
Judges
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19. What can YOU do?
Register your interest to participate in the F2F (Rome) and online trainings at
Join our LinkedIn group and be part of the DOTCOM Waste (
Download the our Newsletters and visit the our online library at
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20. Q&A: hbarnesdabban@penaf.org
This project has been funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs under Grant Agreement Number HOME/2014/ISFP/AG/EFCE/7205.
Thank you
Q&A: