1. Bell Ringer
Place “Learning the Equipment” Lab on the left side of your desk. I will come around and stamp it.
Define and give an example of the following words:
Matter
Mass
Weight
Volume

2. Mixtures, Compounds and Pure Substances

3. Vocabulary Matter – anything composed of atoms
Examples: people, cars, food
Mass – measure of how much matter in an object (use a balance)
Examples: number of grams
Weight – measure of gravity’s pull on matter (use a scale)
Examples: 150 pounds, 4 Newtons
Volume – measure of how much space is taken up
Examples: 15 mL, 500 cubic centimeters

4. Classification of Matter
Matter Mixtures Pure Substances
Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures

5. Which is it?
Compound
Mixture
Element

6. Pure Substance
A substance with constant composition. Can be classified an either an element or as a compound. Element
Elements are composed of only one kind of atom. It cannot be separated into two or more substances by ordinary chemical (or physical) means.
The term ordinary chemical means excludes nuclear reactions Examples: Iron (Fe), copper (Cu),
and oxygen (O2).

7. Compound
A substance that contains two or more elements, in definite proportion by weight.
The term molecule is often used for the smallest unit of a compound that still retains all of the properties of the compound.

8. Classification of Matter
Matter Mixtures Pure Substances
Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
Compound – made from atoms that are chemically bonded
together. Can be separated by chemical change, but not physical means. Represented by a formula and a chemical name.
Examples: H2O, CO2, NaCl

9. Mixture
Two or more substances, combined in varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties.
The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means.
i.e. without the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly dissolved in water, milk, wood, blood, and concrete.

10. All Mixtures are separated through physical or mechanical means
All Mixtures are separated through physical or mechanical means. This is NOT a chemical process!!!
The pure substances are separated, but no new substances are made.

11. heterogeneous mixtures - components not uniformly mixed
homogeneous mixtures components uniformly mixed also called solutions

12. Separation of Mixtures:
All mixtures can be separated through PHYSICAL means.
Some mixtures even separate themselves!

13. Separation of Mixtures:
Filtration: the process of using a filter to mechanically separate a heterogeneous mixture.

14. Separation of Mixtures:
Centrifugation: A centrifuge separates a colloid by spinning it.
After a successful centrifugation, the solid precipitate settles to the bottom of the test tube and the solution is clear.

15. Separation of Mixtures:
Distillation: separates solutions based on differing boiling points
Desalinization: separates salt from a solution

16. Chromatography

17. Separating mixtures
Filtration- separate solids from liquids with a barrier
Decanting is filtering without filter paper.
Distillation- separate because of different boiling points
Heat mixture
Catch vapor in cooled area
Chromatography- different substances are attracted to paper or gel, so move at different speeds