1. Measuring and Calculating
Chapter 1

2. Measurement Comparing an unknown quantity to a known standard
Things we measure are called dimensions
Length, mass, volume, temperature
Each dimension has multiple units
Meter, gram, liter, degree Celsius
All measurements consist of a number and a unit.

3. Metric System Based on increments of 10
Only type of measurement used in science classes

4. Base Units Units assigned to each of the 7 dimensions Length – meter
Mass – kilogram
Time – second
Temperature – kelvin
Number of particles – mole
Electrical current – ampere
Light intensity - candela

5. Derived Units Units made by combining base units Area – m2
Density – kg/m3

6. Metric Prefixes King Henry Died by Drinking Chocolate Milk
7 cm = _____ Hm
30 kg = ____________ mg
45.76 m = ________cm

7. Unit Conversions/ Dimensional Analysis
A way to convert from one unit to another.
Converted units must measure the same dimension.

8. Bridge Method/ Train Track Example
How many inches are in 3 miles?
Draw a train track
Identify beginning information
Write measurement as a fraction
3 miles 1

9. Bridge Method/ Train Track Example
How many inches are in 3 miles?
We are going from a larger measurement to a smaller one. Find a conversion factor you know that changes miles into something smaller.
5280 feet = 1 mile
3 miles 1

10. Bridge Method/ Train Track Example
How many inches are in 3 miles?
5280 feet = 1 mile
Write your conversion factor on the track so that miles cancels out and you are left with the unit feet.
3 miles 1
5280 feet
1 mile

11. Bridge Method/ Train Track Example
How many inches are in 3 miles?
Is the unit you are looking for feet?
What is the conversion factor to convert from feet to inches?
1 foot = 12 inches
3 miles 1
5280 feet
1 mile
12 inches
1 foot

12. Bridge Method/ Train Track Example
How many inches are in 3 miles?
Multiply all numbers on the top
Divide all numbers on the bottom
3 x 5280 x 12 ÷1 ÷ 1÷ 1 = inches
3 miles 1
5280 feet
1 mile
12 inches
1 foot

13. Scientific Notation A base number that is multiplied by a factor of 10
Base x 10exponent
To write the number out in long notation, move the decimal to left or right according to the exponent.
3 x 108 = 300,000,000
3 x 10-8 =
The base number must be between 1 and 10

14. Scientific Notation Write these in long notation 2 x 103 3 x 10-4

15. Scientific Notion Adding/Subtracting Multiplying Dividing
Write out in long notation, do the math, put back in scientific notation
Multiplying
Multiply the bases, add the exponents
Dividing
Divide the bases, subtract the exponents

16. Scientific Notation
3 x and x 102

17. Limitations of Measurement
Accuracy
How close your measurements are to the actual or accepted value
Precision
How close your measurements are to each other

18. Percent Error A way to determine how accurate your measurements are
|Your value – real value| ÷ real value x 100%

19. Scientific Problem Solving
Read the problem
Determine method of solution
Choose the specific tools
Set up the problem, estimate and calculate
Check and format