1. Food Systems and Food Policy: A Global Perspective
Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Eurasia Center for Food Security
Moscow State University
November 2, 2016

2. What do societies want from food and agricultural systems?
Food Security and good nutrition
Efficient and Sustainable Resource Use
Reasonable incomes for farmers
Reasonable prices for consumers
Meeting Non-food Demands
Support of general economic growth

3. Action: Overriding goal
Speed up eradication of food insecurity, malnutrition and natural resource degradation. Assure healthy diets for all Pursue sustainability

4. Total World Cereals Production
+23.3%

5. Total World Cereals Stock
+31.3%
+70.8%
+81.6%

6. World Market Price Change June 2012 – June 2015
Corn %
Wheat %
Rice %
Cereals %
Food %
Source: AMIS, July, 2015

7. World Market Price Change August 2015 – August 2016
Maize %
Wheat %
Rice %
Soybeans %
Source: AMIS, September 2016

10. The Triple Burden of Malnutrition
Energy and protein deficiencies: Hunger
Specific nutrient deficiencies: Hidden Hunger
Excessive net energy intake: Overweight & Obesity

12. Population growth

13. Annual Average Population Growth Rate, %

14. Diet transition

15. Change in the Contribution of Each Food Group to Energy Intake 1980-2005

16. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions

17. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade

18. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change

19. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change
Competition for Food, Water, Resources

20. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change
Competition for Food, Water, Resources
Land and Water Tenure

21. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change
Competition for Food, Water, Resources
Land and Water Tenure
Climate Change, Nat. Res. Management

22. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change
Competition for Food, Water, Resources
Land and Water Tenure
Climate Change, Nat. Res. Management
Population Growth

23. Key Drivers of Future Food Systems
Food and Water Markets and Institutions
Income Growth, Urbanization and Trade
Research and Technological Change
Competition for Food, Water, Resources
Land and Water Tenure
Climate Change, Nat. Res. Management
Population Growth
Goals of Public Policy for food sector

24. Consumer Demand Challenges
Poverty and uneven income distribution
Intra-household power and preferences
Intra-household allocation of food
Preference for calorie-dense, nutrient-poor diets
Lack of knowledge

25. Suggested aims of consumer-oriented policy
Enhance employment and other poverty-reducing initiatives
Reduce poor women’s time pressures
Enhance education and knowledge
Reduce food waste
Shift relative emphasis from rural to urban food security

26. Supply Challenges Adaptation to climate change
Coping with new Biotic and abiotic stresses
Expanding production to meet future demand
Sustainable management of nat. res.
Adjusting the supply chain to dietary transition and nutrition and health goals
Coping with anti-science sentiments

27. Public policy and investment for food systems
Rural infrastructure investment
Roads, transportation facilities
Water management facilities
Institutions

28. Public policy and investment for food systems
Rural infrastructure investment
Agricultural research
Productivity increase
Sustainable intensification
Increasing commodity diversity and nutrient content

29. Public policy and investment for food systems
Rural infrastructure investment
Agricultural research
Domestic input and output markets

30. Public policy and investment for food systems
Rural infrastructure investment
Agricultural research
Domestic input and output markets
Land and water tenure
Farm size, ownership structure, scale economies
Sustainable land and water management

31. Public policy and investment for food systems
Rural infrastructure investment
Agricultural research
Domestic input and output markets
Land and water tenure
Trade and domestic price policy
Role of world market in national food supplies
Food security vs. food sovereignty vs. self sufficiency
Global and domestic price volatility

32. Policy Responses to Global Food Price Volatility
Decouple world market and domestic prices
Compensate losers

33. Decouple world market and domestic prices
Trade policies to reduce price transmission
Direct price control
Removal of VAT on food
Short term supply management
Production expansions

34. Rice Prices in the World Market, China and India, 2005-2012
Source: Baltzer (2013)

35. Wheat Prices in the World Market, South Africa and Bangladesh, 2005-2012
Source: Baltzer (2013)

36. Maize Prices in the World Market, Malawi and Zambia, 2005-2012
Source: Baltzer (2013)

37. Policy options to respond to food price volatility
Protect price signals
Emphasize targeted compensation over price interventions
Risk management tools for all system agents
Seek high levels of price transmission
Seek low levels of trade restrictions

38. Policy options to respond to food price volatility (2)
Increase supply elasticities for food
Improve management of cereal stocks
Seek competitive behavior in national and international supply chains
Strengthen international agreements regarding exporter behavior
Improve public-private collaboration

39. Sources (1)
Per Pinstrup-Andersen (Editor). Food Price Policy in an era of Market Instability. Oxford University Press, 2015.
(open access)
Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Derrill D. Watson II. Food Policy for Developing Countries. Cornell University Press, 2011.