1. Heat Stress

2. Hot work environments Outdoor work in hot weather
Foundry work or smelting
Brick-firing, ceramics or glass manufacture 1a

3. Hot work environments Rubber manufacture
Work in bakeries, confectioneries, kitchens
Laundry operations 1b

4. Personal risk factors Age, weight, physical fitness
Metabolism, medications, alcohol or drugs
Water and caffeine consumption
Medical conditions
Acclimatization 2a

5. Environmental risk factors
Air temperature
Humidity
Radiant heat
Conductive heat sources
Protective clothing
PPE 2b

6. Fatigue Blood circulates to upper layers of skin
Less blood for internal organs
Performance declines
Coordination and alertness decline 3a

7. Response to fatigue Rest in cool, shaded area Take heat-relief breaks
Gradually adjust to working in heat 3b

8. Heat rash Results from the body’s natural cooling
Body releases heat through sweat
Sweat ducts become plugged
Skin inflammation develops
Prickly rash is uncomfortable
Rash can become infected 4a

9. Response to heat rash Rest in a cool area Wash the skin
Allow skin to dry
Seek medical attention, if infected
Regularly bathe and dry skin 4b

10. Fainting Blood accumulates in lower part of body
Brain does not get adequate blood supply
Sudden loss of consciousness 5a

11. Response to fainting Rest in cool, shaded area
Gradually adjust to working in heat
Move around to circulate blood 5b

12. Muscle cramps
Occurs in tired muscles when the worker sweats profusely and drinks large quantities of water 6a

13. Muscle cramps Painful contractions in the muscle
Uncomfortable and temporarily disabling
Low salt level can cause spasms
Too much salt can cause cramps 6b

14. Response to muscle cramps
Rest in cool, shaded area
Drink about 5 to 7 ounces of fluids every 15 to 20 minutes
Avoid caffeinated beverages or alcohol 6c

15. Response to muscle cramps
Drink salted or carbohydrate replacement liquids for recovery
Gradually adjust to working in heat 6d

16. Heat exhaustion Large amounts of fluid lost by sweating
Symptoms resemble early heat stroke
Physically weak, fatigued, or faint
Giddy, irritable, or mentally confused
Nauseous
Headache, dizziness, and/or lightheadedness 7a

17. Heat exhaustion Person continues to sweat Skin is clammy and moist
Body temperature remains normal
Person may vomit or lose consciousness 7b

18. Response to heat exhaustion
Rest in a cool, shaded area
Drink about 5 to 7 ounces of fluids every 15 to 20 minutes
Lay person down
Seek medical attention, if severe 7c

19. Heat stroke Life-threatening condition
Body’s temperature regulatory system fails
Sweating becomes inadequate 8a

20. Heat stroke Person’s skin is hot and dry Skin appears red in color
Body temperature is above 103oF
Person is mentally confused or delirious
Person can have convulsions or become unconscious 8b

21. Response to heat stroke
Get immediate medical attention
Remove to cool, shaded area
Soak clothing with cool water
Fan body vigorously
Never leave unattended 8c

22. What can you do? Report symptoms or signs immediately
Respond to heat illness
Know company procedures 8d

23. Measuring heat exposures
Heat index system
Health and safety agency testing 9a

24. Measuring heat exposures
Work classifications:
Light hand work
Heavy hand work
Heavy work with one arm
Light work with two arms
Moderate work with the body
Heavy work with the body 9b

25. Controlling heat exposure
Engineering controls
Shade
Ventilation
Air cooling
Air circulation
Shielding from radiant heat sources
Insulating radiant heat sources
Use of power assists and tools
10a

26. Controlling heat exposure
Personal protective equipment
Ice vests
Water-cooled garments
Air supply systems
Wet clothing, headbands, or bandanas
10b

27. Controlling heat exposure
Work practices
Use intermittent rest periods
Drink small quantities of water frequently
Use relief workers
Use the buddy system
Pace the work
Reduce physical demands
Provide cool recovery or shaded rest areas
Schedule work for cooler times of the day
Wear light, loose-fitting, breathable clothing
10c