1. Revolution in social sciences
Sarah Nichols

2. Introduction
During the late 19th century America experienced a series of changes in social ideals, which shaped the way education systems, laws and social sciences developed across the US. These changes were mainly proposed through new developments in science, the most notable of which was Darwin's “On the Origins of Species” which introduced the theory of evolution. This prompted Social Darwinism as well as a series of other theories applied to social structures which helped to shape the beliefs of the generation.

3. Revolution in social Sciences
Increasing amount of science applied to social issues
The majority opinion before had rejected government interference with society
Richard T. Ely -Believed that Laissez-faire was extremely dangerous
economic problems were merely moral problems which required “the united efforts of the Church, state and science”
Edward L. Yeoman's proposed “Social Darwinism”- twisting Darwin's ideas into promoting that the survival of the fittest was applicable to members of society
that society could do “nothing at all” and that maybe “in four or five thousand years evolution may have carried men beyond this state of things”

4. Law and history
New emphasis on studying institutions as they really are
Represented in “The Common Law” (1881) by Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
Rejected that traditional law should be practiced just because “it was laid down in the time of Henry IV”
argued that they should be used according to the “felt necessities at the time” (for example, the will of the people)

5. John Dewey trying to reform education with laws was “futile”
education should teach children good citizenship and transmit knowledge
professor at Chicago University and studied the implications evolution and science had on education
Wrote “The School and Society”(1899), in which he defined most of his theories on education
leader in the “Progressive Education” movement

6. Progressive Education
Traditionally education was measured on the memorization of facts
movement placed emphasis on how well a student can relate the material to the real world
‘Forward thinking’ teachers were appalled by the conditions in local schools which were overcrowded
Since most women worked they saw public playgrounds and nurseries as essential
Adult education programs were important since at the time most adults were uneducated.

7. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Suffered from post-partum depression
Patient of neurologist S. Weir Mitchell
“have your child with you all the time”, and “never touch a pen, brush, or pencil as long as you live”.
Mitchell -women were attuned to childbearing and that other lifestyles would only serve to exhaust their nervous energy
went on to become a famous writer
Serves as one of the leading examples of the untold story unaffected by the era of educational and social changes

8. Conclusion
Although the late 19th century proposed many significant changes in the way people thought, it fell short in its execution. Minorities and poor people were largely unaffected by these changes, and their lives continued mostly the same as the generations before. However, the 1880s-1890s did succeed in changing the way that people thought which would proceed to shape further generations.