1. Chapter 2
TYPES OF EVIDENCE
Kendall/Hunt

2. Classification of Evidence
Chapter 2
Classification of Evidence
is a statement made under oath; also known as - Eyewitness accounts/Witness statements is any object or material that is relevant in a crime; also known as . - Examples are hair, fiber, fingerprints, documents, blood, soil, drugs, tool marks, impressions, glass.
Kendall/Hunt

3. Chapter 2
Eyewitness Accounts
Eyewitness accounts are testimonial evidence by a person who observed the incident.
A may be developed from the witness testimony by a computer program or forensic artist.
FACES—a composite program by InterQuest
Kendall/Hunt

4. Reliability of Eyewitness
Chapter 2
Reliability of Eyewitness
Factors that affect accuracy:
Nature of the and the situation in which the crime is observed
Characteristics of the
Manner in which the information is retrieved
Additional factors:
Witness’s with the accused
Length of between the offense and the identification
Any or failure to identify the defendant
Any prior identification of a person other than the defendant by the eyewitness
Kendall/Hunt

5. Chapter 2
Transient Evidence
Transient evidence is easily changed or lost; usually observed by the at the scene.
— perfume, gasoline, urine, burning, explosives, cigarette smoke
— surroundings, coffee, water in a bathtub, cadaver
— footprints, teeth marks in perishable foods, tire marks on certain surfaces
Kendall/Hunt

6. Chapter 2
Pattern Evidence
Pattern evidence is produced by between a person and an object or between two objects.
Clothing or article distribution Gunpowder residue Material damage Body position Toolmarks
Glass fracture
Fire burn pattern
Furniture position
Projectile trajectory
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7. Chapter 2
Conditional Evidence
Conditional evidence is produced by a ; important in determining the or sequence within a crime.
—headlight, lighting conditions, lights on or off Smoke—color, density, odor Fire—color and direction of the flames, temperature and condition of fire —of injuries or wounds, of bloodstains, of weapons, of broken glass
Vehicles—doors locked or unlocked, windows opened or closed, —position and types of wounds; Scene—condition of furniture, doors and windows, signs of a struggle
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8. Classification of Evidence by Nature
Chapter 2
Classification of Evidence by Nature
—blood, semen, saliva, sweat, tears, hair, bone, tissues, urine, feces, animal material, insects, bacteria, fungi, botanical material —fibers, glass, soil, gunpowder, metals, minerals, narcotics, drugs, paper, ink, cosmetics, paint, plastic, lubricants, fertilizer —fingerprints, footprints, shoeprints, handwriting, firearms, tire marks, toolmarks, typewriting —laundry marks, voice analysis, polygraph, photography, stress evaluation, psycholinguistic analysis, vehicle identification
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9. Physical Evidence Characteristics
Chapter 2
Physical Evidence Characteristics
—can be identified with a
Fingerprints
Blood DNA Typing
—common to a
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10. Class vs. Individual Evidence
Chapter 2
Class vs. Individual Evidence
These fibers are ; there is no way to determine if they came from this garment.
The large piece of glass fits exactly to the bottle; it is .
Kendall/Hunt

11. Class vs. Individual Evidence
Chapter 2
Class vs. Individual Evidence
Which examples do you think could be individual evidence?
Kendall/Hunt