1. The Periodic Table

3. What is the Periodic Table?
It is an organizational system for elements.
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4. Who created it?
By 1860 about 60 elements were known and a method was needed for organization. 
In 1869, Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev proposed arranging elements by atomic mass and properties.
Put elements in rows by increasing atomic mass.
Put elements in columns by the way they reacted
The table contained gaps but Mendeleev predicted the discovery of new elements.

5. So how is it arranged?
The genius of the periodic table “is that it is organized like a big grid. The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act. If you have ever looked at a grid, you know that there are rows (left to right) and columns (up and down). The periodic table has rows and columns, too, and they each mean something different.”
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6. Periods...
Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODic table.)
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7. Periods = Rows
In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row.
All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.
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8. Groups…
The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too. When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.
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9. Groups = Columns
The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital. (Valence electrons)
Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell. As you keep counting the columns, you'll know how many electrons are in the outer shell.
Valence electrons are only counted for groups: 1 & 2, and

10. What do all the numbers mean ?
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11. Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into families.
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12. Families of the Periodic Table

13. From www.science-class.net
ALKALI METALS - Group 1
very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature
malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
can explode if they are exposed to water
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14. ALKALI METALS

15. Lithium – Sodium - Rubidium
We eat sodium in the form of sodium chloride, or table salt. It is essential to the human body because it helps transmit nerve signals.
Rubidium is used in the devices that control TVs, cell phones, and GPS signals.
Lithium is the lightest metal
It is used for making aircraft and rocket parts and some types of batteries.

16. ALKLINE EARTH METALS – Group 2
2ND column
very reactive
not found free in nature
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)
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17. From www.science-class.net
TRANSITION METALS
Less reactive harder metals
Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
Metals used “as metal.”
Like other metals: ductile, malleable, and conduct electricity and heat.
Luster: Shine
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18. From www.science-class.net
OTHER METALS
Ductile and malleable
Have a high density
All metals except Mercury are solid at room temperature.
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19. METALLOIDS Have properties of both metals and non-metals
Metalloids are useful in computers and calculators.

20. NON-METALS Not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
Very brittle
Do not have luster: Look dull, not shiny.
Non metals may exist at room temperature as solid, liquid, or gas.
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21. Most common metal found in the Earth's crust
Boron Family – Group 3
Elements in group 3
Aluminum:
Most common metal found in the Earth's crust

22. Carbon Family – Group 4 Elements in group 4
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
Contains elements important to life.
All living organisms contain carbon.
Carbon combines easily with other elements to form new materials.

23. Nitrogen Family – Group 5
Elements in group 5
Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

24. Oxygen Family- Group 6 Elements in group 6
Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

25. From www.science-class.net
HALOGENS – Group 7
Elements in group 7
Halogen means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"
Exist in all three states of matter
Very reactive nonmetals
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth
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26. From www.science-class.net
NOBLE GASES
Inert Elements
(Full outer shells)
-Not chemically active
Used in neon signs, fluorescent lights, headlights or cars.
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27. From www.science-class.net
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
Many are man-made
Some are radioactive
Atomic bombs, lasers, metal detectors.
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