1. Hebrew Qal Perfect Verbs
Chapter 3

2. Speak and write Hebrew:
שָׁלוֹם בּוֹקֶר טוֹב Hello, good morning good morning Hello
שָׁלוֹם עֶרֶב טוֹב Hello, good evening good evening Hello
שָׁלוֹם לַיְלָה טוֹב Hello, good night good night Hello
מַזָל טוֹב Good luck ּ= congratulations! good fortune

3. א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר שׂ שׁ ת
Review Hebrew
Alphabet: Consonants and Sounds:
א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר שׂ שׁ ת

4. Vowel List a-class 1. Qāmeṣ ָ “a” as in far ā אָ (Long)
2. Qāmeṣ hê ָה “a” as in far â אָה (Long)
3. Pataḥ ַ “a” as in far a אַ (short)
4. Ḥatēf-pataḥ ֲֲ “a” as in attach xă אֲ (half vowel)

5. Vowel List e-class vowels
5. Ṣerê ֵ “e” as in they ē אֵ (long)
6. Ṣerê Yôd ֵי “e” as in they ê אֵי (vowel let)
7. Seghôl ֶ “e” as in set e אֶ (short)
8. Seghôl Yôd ֶי “e” as in set ê אֶי (vowel let)
9. Ḥatēf-Seghôl ֱ “e” as in set xĕ אֱ (half vowel)

6. Vowel List i and o-class vowels
10. Ḥîreq ִ “i” as in fit i אִ (short)
11. Ḥîreq Yôd ִי “i” as in ski î אִי (vowel let.)
12. Ḥôlem ֹ “o” as in so ō אֹ (long)
13. Ḥôlem Vāv וֹ “o” as in so ô אוֹ (vowel let.)
14. Qāmeṣ Ḥatûf ָ “o” as in so o אָ (short)
15. Ḥatēf Qāmeṣ ֳ “o” as in commit xŏ אֳ (half vowel)

7. Vowel List 16. Qibbûṣ ֻ “u” as in rule u אֻ (short)
17. Šûreq וּ “u” as in rule û אוּ (vowel let.)
18. Ševā’ ְ “e” as in met xe אְ (half vowel)
Open [CV] / Closed [CVC] syllables,
Dagesh lene/forte—in non-BEGAD KEPHAT letters
Silent/vocal Ševā’
Quiescent letters: א and ה

8. Hevenu Shalom Aleichem
to you peace we bring הֵבֵאנוּ שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

9. land, earth, ground אֶ֫רֶץ אִישׁ אִשָּׁה Chapter 2 Vocabulary
man, human
אִישׁ
woman, wife
אִשָּׁה

10. הָלַךְ יְהוָה Chapter 2 Vocabulary word, matter, thing to go, walk
דָּבָר
to go, walk
הָלַךְ
Yahweh, Jehovah, LORD
יְהוָה

11. מֶ֫לֶךְ לֹא יוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Chapter 2 Vocabulary day, daylight, time
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵל
no, not
לֹא
king, ruler, prince
מֶ֫לֶךְ

12. Practice with Vowel Identification
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי א֑וֹר וַיְהִי־אוֹר׃ (Gen 1:3)

13. 3.A Tri-consonantal root
Many Hebrew words are built off a tri- consonantal root with various prefixes (often תּ or מ) or suffixes (ִים ָה or וֹת for nouns-- masculine/feminine singular/plural) and various pronominal suffixes added to the ends of verbs (תִּי or תָּ, etc. 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person, singular/plural) or infixes (ִי or וֹ etc.).

14. Tri-consonantal roots
צָדֵק to be just (verb)
צָדַקְתִּי I am righteous/innocent (1cs verb)
צֶ֫דֶק righteousness (noun: masculine)
צְדָקָה righteousness (noun: feminine)
צַדִּיק righteous, just (adjective)
צָדוֹק Zadok (proper noun; name of priest from David’s time)

15. Verbs: Perfect and Imperfect
The perfect (ca. 21,000 usages) is usually translated as a simple past tense portraying the action as completed (e.g. שָׁמַר he guarded).
The imperfect (ca. 31,000 usages) is often translated either as a future (אֶשְׁמֹר I will guard) or as a present progressive (אֶשְׁמֹר I am guarding).

16. 7 Verb Patterns (called binyanim [בִּנְיָנִים])
Simple Intensive Causative
Active Qal (שָׁמַר) Piel ( שִׁמֵּר) Hiphil ( הִשְׁמִיר)
Passive Niphal (נִשְׁמַר ) Pual (שֻׁמַּר ) Hophal (הָשְׁמַר )
Reflexive Hithpael (הִשְׁתַּמֵּר )

17. 3. E. Qal Perfect Paradigm Singular Plural
1CS I guarded CP we guarded
2 MS you (m.) guarded MP you (m.) guarded
2 FS you (f.) guarded FP you (f.) guarded
3 MS he guarded CP they guarded
3 FS she guarded

18. 3. E. Qal Perfect Paradigm Singular Plural
1CS שָׁמַרְתִּי I guarded CP שָׁמַרְנוּ we guarded
2 MS שָׁמַרְתָּ you (m.) guarded 2 MP שְׁמַרְתֶּם you (m.) guarded
2 FS שְׁמַרְתְּ you (f.) guarded 2 FP שְׁמַרְתֶּן you (f.) guarded
3 MS שָׁמַר he guarded 3 CP שָֽׁמְרוּ they guarded
3 FS שָֽׁמְרָה she guarded

19. 3. E. Qal Perfect Paradigm – First Chant (know this by heart)
Singular Plural
1CS שָׁמַרְתִּי CP שָׁמַרְנוּ
2 MS שָׁמַרְתָּ MP שְׁמַרְתֶּם
2 FS שָׁמַרְתְּ FP שְׁמַרְתֶּן
3 MS שָׁמַר CP שָֽׁמְרוּ
3 FS שָֽׁמְרָה

20. 3.H The Direct Object Marker
אֶת or אֵת when the object is definite (e.g. She bought the book)
וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאוֹר

21. 3.I Parsing format שָׁמַר is parsed as:
The parsing format will be how we identify the various morphological elements of a verb, the root and a suggested translation.
שָׁמַר is parsed as:
Qal Perfect 3ms (3rd person, masculine, singular) from שָׁמַר translated “he guarded”

22. 3.J. A Few Regular or Strong Perfect Verbs
בָּרַךְ to bless, praise קָבַץ to gather
זָכַר to remember פָּקַד to visit
כָּתַב to write קָרַב to approach
כָּרַת to make a covenant קָטַל to kill
מָשַׁל to rule שָׁבַר to break
מָלַךְ to rule שָׁפַט to judge

23. 3. K. Paradigms of other regular verbs
קָטַל to kill
1CS קָטַלְתִִּי I killed CP קָטַלְנוּ we killed
2MS קָטַלְתָּ you (m.) killed 2MP קְטַלְתֶּם you (m.) killed
2FS קָטַלְתְּ you (f.) killed 3MP קְטַלְתֶּן you (f.) killed
3MS קָטַל he killed CP קָֽטְלוּ they killed
3FS קָֽטְלָה she killed

24. Chapter 3 Vocabulary אָב father, ancestor 1,210
אֱלֹהִים God, god 2,600
אָמַר to say 5,309
בַּ֫יִת house, palace, dynasty 2,050
הָיָה to be, become, happen 3,561

25. Chapter 3 Vocabulary זָכַר to remember, mention 232
כָּתַב to write
עַם people 1,867
קָטַל to slay, kill 3
שָׁמַר to keep, watch over, guard

26. Speak Hebrew מַה נִשְׁמַע How’s it going? it going how’s
שָׁלוֹם בּוֹקֶר טוֹב Hello, good morning good morning Hello
מַה נִשְׁמַע How’s it going?
it going how’s
טוֹב תּוֹדָה Good, thanks
thanks good
לְהִתְרָאוֹת Good-bye

27. 3.P. Sing: Hinneh Mah Tov (Ps. 133:1)
PLnNXzYjQerJia_8yTy8OrM2K-BiN5OEup or Search for “Canto Ebraico "Hinei ma tov" Salmo 133” Preformance
&list=PLnNXzYjQerJia_8yTy8OrM2K-BiN5OEup or Search for “Psalm 133:1, Sung in Hebrew” Dr. David Howard (Bethel Sem.) (sing as a round—jump into this video at 1:53 to listen to just the song)
(single guy with guitar)

28. הִנֵּה מַה־טּוֹב וּמַה־נָּעִים שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם־ יָֽחַד׃
הִנֵּה מַה־טּוֹב וּמַה־נָּעִים שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם־ יָֽחַד׃
as one brothers dwell and how pleasant how good behold
 How good and pleasant it is when brothers live together in unity!
(repeat)
Chorus:
הִנֵּה מַה־טּוֹב שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם־ יָֽחַד׃
How good when brothers live together in unity!