1. Chapter 7 Lesson 3
A bloody Conflict

2. American Military - WWI
The Americans Arrive
Lift Morale
Turn Tide of War
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Led by Gen. John J. Pershing
“Doughboys”
Improved allied Morale
After several years of demoralizing trench warfare, the arrival of American troops signaled a shift in fighting
Helped further demoralize the Central Powers
Allied Victories
Ypres, Cantigny, 2nd Marne
Meuse-Argonne – ALVIN YORK becomes a hero
Tennessee boy; Conscientious Objector; Killed 25 Germans & captured 132 in the Argonne Forest; SERGEANT YORK became a celebrity & war hero
*Fought the Germans hard – they eventually could not go on fighting and gave up

3. Sergeant York at Argonne

4. Armistice Day
Within a matter of days in November of , the German emperor stepped down, Germany became a republic, and Germany signed an armistice….
The eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month…1918
Germany agreed to a ‘cease-fire’ & signed the armistice (truce)
We celebrate as ‘Veterans’ Day
Final Toll – bloodiest war in history (until WWII)
20 million dead (1/2 civilians)
10 million displaced (refugees)

5. Wilson fights for peace
Who lost?
What happened after war?
WILSON’S PEACE PLAN
The Treaty of Versailles
Woodrow Wilson wants PEACE throughout the world…
Based on “the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities”
Wilson’s 14 Points:
There were 3 parts to speech
1-5: Laws to prevent future wars
Free trade; freedom of the seas; disarmament; impartial adjustment to colonial claims; open diplomacy
6-13: Boundary changes based on the principle of self- determination
borders of countries should be determined by ethnicity and national identity
14: The League of Nations – International peacekeeping organization
Members pledged to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.
*Not many of his points were actually agreed to

6. Wilson fights for peace
The Treaty of Versailles
Wilson’s popularity in Europe put him in a strong negotiating position
The Paris Peace conference decided to use his 14 Points as the basis for negotiations
Not everyone agreed with Wilson’s ideas:
Leaders of France and Great Britain wanted to punish the Germans for the suffering they had inflicted on the rest of Europe.
Britain refused to give up its sizable naval advantage by agreeing to Wilson’s call for freedom of the seas.

7. The Treaty of Versailles
Allies (along w/ Central Powers) signed peace treaty – Hall of Mirrors; June 28,
Provisions:
Established 9 new nations
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia
Ottoman Empire divided b/w France & G.B.
Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan
Punished Germany:
1) return Alsace-Lorraine to France
2)no army allowed
3) War-guilt clause
4) Reparations! – Germany had to pay $33 billion to GB and France for damages caused during WWI
Russia (now the USSR) lost more land than Germany

9. The Treaty of Versailles
The U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty
Woodrow Wilson cannot get support in the US for the Treaty
The Senate was split regarding the treaty – mostly due to the League of Nations
Many did not want to sign it because the League of Nations could drive us into war without the consent of Congress, violating the constitution.
The U.S. NEVER ratified the Treaty
US signed a separate treaty w/ Germany in (after Wilson)
Never join League of Nations (our idea!) because congress feared it interfered with our policy of ISOLATIONISM

11. Legacy of WWI US World LEADS TO WWII?
Became the world’s greatest industrial power
Strengthened military
Strengthened power of government
Intensified anti-immigrant/anti-radical ideas in mainstream America
World
Left most of Europe in economic ruin
This sows seeds of discontent (rise of fascism in some places)
Communists in power in Russia
Germany had to admit guilt
Influences events in Germany in late 1920s and early 1930s; Adolf Hitler to gain power & seek revenge
LEADS TO WWII?