1. RECAP (2017-2019) Jörg Domaschka
Ulm University, Germany
Thank you for the introduction.
Good morning, everybody.
Before I start, let me thank the organisers for the opportunitiy to speak here.
As already said, my name is Jörg Domaschka, I am from Ulm University in Germany (as you may hear).
There, I work as a researcher, post-doc, and team leader.
In particular, I am dedicating a large portion of my time to the coordination of the RECAP project.

2. In case you don’t know where Ulm is, a look at that map may help.
We are a small-to-medium size university with about 10,000 students in the areas of
Engineering and psychology
Medicine
Mathematics and Economics
Natural Sciences
The RECAP consortium itself consists of 9 partners from Spain, Ireland, UK, Sweden, and Germany. Among these, one partner beside UULM is represented which is DCU.

3. Reliable Capacity Provisioning and Enhanced Remediation for Distributed Cloud Applications
For those who really want to know: RECAP stands for Reliable Capacity Provisioning and Enhanced Remediation for Distributed Cloud Applications

4. Above the Surface
I am pretty sure, everyone has used the Internet already.
… be it for watching videos of cute kittens
… or of other cute animals
… there are even rumours that people have used the Internet for something useful such as online gaming.
.. And of course everything else such as office and business applications

5. Major Annoyance: Slow Internet
Something is wrong on your end
Something is wrong on the Internet
Something is wrong on the other end
These three very basic options exist why your Internet connection can be slow. Your end, the other end, and something in between.
RECAP does not deal with your end. So, if you have an old computer or live in a rural area with limited network capacity, we may not be able to do anything for you.
Let’s now look a bit closer to what this is supposed to mean.

6. The Internet IOE / IOT Apps Internet
Of course, the world not only exists of cat videos, but incorporates
Be it through classical applications …
Facebook, Google search, Netflix …
… or via emerging IoT platforms
Home automation
Smart cities
For many, though, the Internet is an abstract thing

7. The Internet IOE / IOT Apps Internet
When we look under the hood, it is clear almost all messages sent to the Internet end up being processed by one server. This is what people tend to forget.
People tend to forget that there are computers on the other side of the Internet. Whenever you hit a button in your browser, you create a message that is sent over the Internet to a server

8. The Internet---Internals
IOE / IOT
Apps
Internet
Research questions
How many instances?
Which hardware for which application?
People tend to forget that there are computers on the other side of the Internet
Not just one, not just a few, but many, many.
It is important to understand that the people operating the servers often are not the same as the ones operating the application. Infrastructure and IT capacity is often rented.
Some of these questions were already addresses in a previous project called CACTOS where UULM and DCU and also
University of Umea were involved. We created RECAP based on the findings of CACTOS and the insight that the real
World is way more complex.

9. The Internet---Data Centres
IOE / IOT
Apps
Internet
In reality, there are many servers out there. It is unknown how many, but there were estimates of 75 millions in 2014 with Microsoft and Google both owning around 1 million of servers.
These servers are operated in large buildings (data centres) and consume a lot of energy.
Besides the servers, there is of course networking involved (see cables) and storage where all the videos of cute kittens are stored permanently.

10. The Internet---Data Centres
IOE / IOT
Apps
The fact that the servers are run in data centres makes their operation cheaper and more energy efficient, …). Also it eases the operation and reduces the human effort.
The fact that infrastructure can be rented has been named cloud.
This gives us the new research question of which data centre should I use for my application?
Communication between users and data centre through network
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE
Research questions
Which data centre to use?

11. The Internet---Networks
IOE / IOT
Apps
Network
Network is grouped into different domains
Operated by Internet Service Providers (e.g. BT and belwü)
Problems:
Data may be far away from users (latency)
Restricted capacity of individual services
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

12. The Internet---Network Types
IOE / IOT
Apps
EDGE
Network
CORE
in reality, network is (logically) split in two parts
Edge: facing the users
Core: facing other ISPs
Edge:
Closer to users
Less capacity
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

13. The Internet---Edge Networks
IOE / IOT
Apps
EDGE
Research questions
Which parts to offload?
Where to offload to?
(When to) move parts around?
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

14. RECAP Optimisations essence automated optimisation machine learning
resolved issues:
Geolocation
Demand spikes
influencing:
latency
power consumption
IOE / IOT
Apps
EDGE
Example:
Cache to cater for high load on left hand side
on the right hand side uses the data centre
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

15. Better service quality Lower latency Lower prices Higher availability
User Benefits
IOE / IOT
Apps
Better service quality
Lower latency
Lower prices
Higher availability
EDGE
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

16. Less power consumption Adaptation to users
Operator Benefits
IOE / IOT
Apps
Higher automation
Cheaper operations
Less down-time
Less power consumption
Adaptation to users
EDGE
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE

17. Reduced power consumption OpenAccess policy Access to knowledge
Societal Benefits
IOE / IOT
Apps
Reduced power consumption
OpenAccess policy
Access to knowledge
Access to Code
Jump-start
app developers
data centre operators
EDGE
CLOUD /
DATA CENTRE
Do the big 5 require RECAP
Probably not, as they run massive research on their own
Help “new” players to keep up
Jump start new data centre operators
Jump start application developers …

18. http://recap-project.eu recap2020
recap2020
RECAP Project ■ H2020 ■ Grant Agreement # Call: H2020-ICT ■ Topic: ICT