1. Chapter 2 Matter and Change
Chemistry pg. 38

2. 2.1 Properties of Matter
Properties used to describe matter are classified as:
1. Extensive – depends on the amount of
matter in a sample
ex. Mass, volume
2. Intensive – depends on the type of matter
in a sample, not the amount
ex. Color, hardness, boiling point

3. Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
ex. Gold, copper (pure substances)
Every sample has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

4. Physical Property
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Help chemists identify substances
Hardness
Color
Conductivity
Malleability
(see Table 2.1, Pg. 40)

5. Three states of matter
Solid-definite shape, volume, not easily compressed
Liquid-indefinite shape, flows, definite volume, almost incompressible
Gas-indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed

6. Physical Changes
Properties of a material change but the composition does not
ex. Boil, freeze, melt, condense
AND
break, split, grind, cut, crush
Physical changes can be
REVERSIBLE or IRREVERSIBLE

7. Classifying Matter (2.2 and 2.3)
Matter…has mass, takes up space
Mixture…physical blend of two or more components
Based on distribution, can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

8. Heterogeneous Matter The composition is not uniform throughout
Considered a mixture because more than one phase
Any region with a uniform set of properties
Examples?

9. Homogeneous Matter The composition is uniform throughout
One phase…components evenly distributed
Mixture
(solution)
Substance

10. Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures
Solute in a solvent (dissolves the solute)
Many are liquids, but can be gases or solids

11. Substances Homogeneous matter, same composition throughout
Elements Compounds
-one kind of atom or more
elements
chemically joined
-fixed proportions

12. Not sure, use the chart

13. Separating mixtures
Distillation - a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor which is condensed into a liquid
Other ways?
distillation
How to perform simple distillation in the chemistry lab | Wonder How To

14. 2.3 Elements and Compounds
Substances classified as
1. __________- simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties (O, H)
2. ___________- substance that contains 2 or
more elements chemically combined in a
fixed proportion (C6H12O6)

15. Compounds can be broken down by
______________ means.
Elements cannot be broken down
Chemical change produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
Sugar Carbon + Water

16. Properties of Compounds
Generally, properties of compounds are different from their component elements
Sodium - soft, gray metal, reacts with oxygen +
Chlorine - yellow-green poisonous gas
Sodium chloride
Reaction

17. Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures
If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance
examples?
If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture

18. Classifying Matter

19. Classify the following materials as an element, compound, or mixture.
a. Table salt
b. Salt water
c. Sodium

20. Symbols and Formulas Chemical symbols elements O, C, Na, Ne
Chemical formulas compounds
CO2 , H2O

21. 2.4 Chemical Reactions
Chemical Property – the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (describes the way a substance may react to form other substances)
examples?
- can be observed only when a substance
undergoes a chemical change

22. Fig (pg. 53)
Chemical reaction S + Fe
*physical - composition of matter never changes
*chemical – composition of matter always
changes
Chemical change = chemical reaction
Reactants Products

23. Chemical change = chemical reaction
(one or more substances change into one
or more new substances)
Reactants Products

24. Recognizing Chemical Changes
4 Ways:

25. Precipitate
an insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution

26. Identify clues for chemical changes
magnesium ribbon in flame
Sodium iodide solution added to mercury(II) chloride solution

27. Law of Conservation of Mass
In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is ________________.
mass of products = mass of reactants