1. Coronary Phantom Design for K-edge Angiography
John Jorgensen
Sarah Pachtman
Punam Patel
Marcus Spallek
Advisor: Dr. Frank Carroll
Mark-1,2,3
Punam-4,5
Sarah-6,7
John – 8-10

2. Diagram of MX200’s laser paths and major elements.
Project Background
Monochromatic tunable X-ray:
Reduced radiation dose to patient
Reduced contrast agent concentrations
K-edge imaging
A simple process of arranging the head on collision of a terawatt infrared laser and an electron beam from a particle accelerator with picosecond timing
Diagram of MX200’s laser paths and major elements.
FOR MORE INFO...
Free Electron Laser Laboratory 

3. K-edge Effect

4. Project Goals Design a coronary phantom
Test contrast agent concentrations
hypersensitivity reaction to iodine (3-12% patients)
current clinical dilution is 1:16
using monochromatic plain films it is possible to see 1:256 dilutions
Determine optimal angle for stereo imaging
In order to form a 3-d images, pictures of the object are taken from slightly different angles that correspond to the angles of vision of the two eyes of a person looking at the object itself.
Mounted on an arm that can rotate so in degrees
Tan θ = 3/30 = 0.10
θ ~ 6° 3” θ
30”

5. Solution Description Radio Translucent at 35 keV Flexible material
Fluid perfusion
Phantom Size
7.5cm diameter
Vasculature
Size Range mm
Coronary arteries on surface
Curved channels
Hollow vessels
Radio Translucent at 35 keV
 iodine k-edge
Flexible material
 ease of molding
 ease of fluid perfusion through compliant vessels
Vasculature
 internal design structure is not critical
 all vasculature will be represented on the surface of phantom
 molding method of obtaining curved channels
-use tubes? If so, must determine radio translucency, medical-grade tubing is not radio translucent
 Hollow vessels allow perfusion with contrast agent
 that’s why there is no need to have a chamber; the agent is only going through coronary arteries
Finger imaged at
19 keV
Finger imaged at
26 keV

6. Phantom Designs Preliminary Sketch
Shelley Medical Imaging Technologies
Preliminary Sketch

7. Material - ReoFlex ™ Rubber
Physical Properties
Flexible cured product
2-component liquid resin system
Room-temperature cure
20 Shore A durometer
                              

8. Schedule
Research
Material Testing
&
Design
Manufacturing
Testing
November
December
January
February
March
April
·        November & December
-          Research Materials for Phantom
-         Research Phantom Design
-          Dosimetry Research
·        January
-          Testing Materials for X-ray translucence
-         Design of Phantom
-          Design of Pulsatile System
·        February
-         Manufacture Phantom
-          Manufacture Pulsatile System for Phantom
      March & April
        Test Dosimetry for Imaging
        Test for Optimal Stereo-Imaging Angle
         Test Pulsatile Phantom
           
FOR MORE INFO...

9. Current Status On-track Behind Material Selected
Preliminary Phantom Design Completed
Approved by Advisor
Researched Stereolithography
Behind
Dosimetry Research
Materials Research: Found that material cannot be opaque
Found that material must be flexible in order to be pulsatile
Found that material must be radiolucent (at 35keV)
We have started looking at polyurethanes and silicones resin materials
Phantom Design Research: Talked with project advisor extensively
Talked with resources away from Vanderbilt
Materials testing: Tested 14 different samples of polyurethanes
Results: ////////////////////

10. Future Plans February March & April Complete Model SolidWorks
Prototype by University of Pittsburg
Start Final Report
March & April
Test Dosimetry for Imaging
Test for Optimal Stereo Angle
Phantom Design: We would like to have the design completed by the end of Jan but we realize this might be bold since that gives us 2 weeks from the time we get back… a more realistic goal is to have a preliminary design by then
Notice: 2 Months for Testing, might be easiest part of project… therefore we have given ourselves some flexibility in our schedule. For example, if the Phantom Design isn't complete by January 31st our cause isn’t lost.

11. Team and Resources Advisor: Dr. Frank Carroll, M.D.
Monochromatic x-ray machine
W.M. Keck Free-electron Laser (FEL) Center at Vanderbilt University
Materials and tools provided by BME Department and FEL Center
Polyurethane resins from outside contractors
Photograph of device with laser cover removed

12. Questions?
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