1. Integrity and Ethics निष्ठा/इमान्दारिता र सदाचार

2. Issues
फोन र इन्टरनेट सेवा गतिलो नभए ग्राहकलाई क्षतिपूर्तिदेखि लाइसेन्स खारेजीसम्म
प्रधानमन्त्री प्रचण्डले आज राजीनामा दिने
भोलिबाट भक्तपुरमा साझाका २० बसले सेवा थाल्ने
भ्रष्ट कर्मचारीलाई उडिरहेको हेलिकोप्टरबाट फ्याक्ने फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपतिको चेतावनी
सरकारी कार्यालयमा खुलेआम घुसखोरी : प्रतिवेदन
सार्वजनिक सेवा र सेवाग्राहीको सन्तुष्टिसम्बन्धी सर्वेक्षणमा कुल सेवाग्राहीमध्ये ४०.८ प्रतिशतले घूस बुझाएको स्विकारेका छन्
अब देखि मोबाइलबाटै राहदानी आवेदन
सबै ट्याक्सीमा ६ महिनाभित्रै बिलिङ प्रणाली
चोर पक्रिन हेलिकोप्टर चार्टर !
न्यायालयमा राजनीतिक छाया
सुन समातिन्छ, मालिक हराउँछन्

3. Study Findings

4. Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

7. Officer, Non-officer and Corruption Complaints
Types of Corruption
Position
Total
(N)
Officer (%), N = 803
Non-Officer (%), N = 1213
Fake Document Related
11.0
89.0
100.0 (630)
Illegal Benefits and Illicit Earnings
66.4
33.6
100.0 (286)
Bribery
42.7
57.3
100.0 (260)
Fraud
56.0
44.0
100.0 (50)
Misuse of Public Property
50.1
49.9
100.0 (485)
Procurement and Construction
53.1
46.9
100.0 (305)
39.8
60.2
100.0 (2016)
Chi Square
***
Likelihood Ratio
***
Phi and Cramer's V
0.419***
Note: Table generated based on the cases published in CIAA annual reports ( ).

8. Issues Slaughtering animals and consuming meats
Throwing thrashes from public buses then and now
Abortion

9. Morale Personal/individual and spiritual character
Right and wrong at a much deeper level
Basic human marker of right conduct and behavior
No external inducements or constrains needed and usually do not change

10. Ethics Professional standards
Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization
Well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific qualities.

11. Integrity
State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness
It is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes
Knowing and doing right things

12. Public Sector Ethics: Critical Aspects
Publicness in public service
Capacity of public sector
Healthy governance
Effective prevention
Sharp detection
Robust prosecution and recovery
Culture of integrity in public service
Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment
Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

13. Collective Action Dilemma
Action/Person: A
Honest
Corrupt
Action/
Person: B
(H, H)
(H, C)
(C, H)
(C, C)

14. SOURCES OF MORAL VALUES AND BEHAVIORAL NORMS Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance
Source
Characteristics
Human Universals
Innate and natural
Derived from natural rights theory
Cultural/ Social Perspectives
Experience with the environment
Represented by behavioral psychology
Rational Analysis/Cognitive Processes
Thought, Reason and Education
Non-rational/Need based Perspective
Experience, Expertise and Emotion
Theological Perspective
God given moral values
Unchallengeable among believers
Professional and Bureaucratic Roles
Public service ethics systems
Public opinion
5 min

15. Options A businessman’s approach A market or an economist’s approach
A lawyer’s approach
Toughening laws & legislations
A businessman’s approach
Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption).
A market or an economist’s approach
Introduce or increase competition
An institutional approach
Genuine political/leadership commitment

16. Case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference
Watch the video case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference
Make note on how he was able to organize
Share it in plenary.

17. Promoting Integrity and Ethics
Identify and name an integrity problem
Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem
Identify the solution

18. Things We Need! Organisation: Commitment
Clear set of values and standards
Communication of values and standards
Continuous and consistent actions
Moreover,
Acknowledge that “it starts with me!”
Establish a legend; let it be disseminated
Be wiling to pay price

20. References
Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly,
Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No.1,
Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685–709
Adhikari, S.H., 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014
Adhikari, S.H., Gupta, A.K., & Shrestha, G.L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College.