1. Intro to the Endocrine System (17min)

2. The Endocrine System
Works with the nervous system to help control many of the body’s internal functions.
Daily activities of the body.
Sleep/wake cycles, sugar levels, metabolism
Long-term changes
Development and growth
Uses a mass messaging system of chemicals – hormones, produced by glands
Travel throughout the body in the bloodstream of the circulatory system.

3. Hormones
Turn on or off, speed up or slow down the activities of different organs and tissues.
Produced when nerve impulses travel to the brain and are interpreted.
The brain then sends a nerve impulse to a specific endocrine gland for hormone production.
Target specific - affect only the cell that they are designed to control, target cell.

4. Target Cell & Receptor Gland Hormone Receptor Receptor accepting

5. The Endocrine System Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Pituitary Gland
Thyroid &
Parathyroid
Thymus Gland
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testis
training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit6

6. Glands of the Endocrine System
Hypothalamus
Location:
Base of the brain
Function:
Link between the nervous system with the endocrine system
Major function is to help maintain homeostasis within the body.
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

7. Glands of the Endocrine System
2. Pituitary Gland
Location:
Center of skull behind
bridge of nose.
Hormone Produced:
produces hormones that help turn on and off the
other endocrine glands or control body activities directly.
Function:
“Master Gland” – communicates with the hypothalamus
to control many body activities.
Pituitary
Gland

8. A Few Pituitary Hormones
Function
Growth hormone
Regulates growth in cells
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Triggers body to produce sex cells; sperm and egg
Prolactin
Production of milk in females.
Thyroid-stimulating
Hormone (TSH)
Production and release of thyroxine

9. Glands of the Endocrine System
3. Pineal Gland
Location:
Buried deep in the brain.
Hormone Produced:
Melatonin
Function:
Regulates the body’s rhythms; sleep-wake cycle.
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal

10. Glands of the Endocrine System
4. Thyroid
Location:
In the neck
Hormone Produced:
Thyroxine
Function:
Regulates the process through which cells break down chemicals and get energy – metabolism.
Right
Thyroid
Left
Thyroid

11. Glands of the Endocrine System
5. Parathyroid
Location:
Embedded in the thyroid
Hormone Produced:
Calcitonin
Function:
Regulate the amount of calcium in the body
Needed for proper neuron functioning, bone development and muscle control.
Parathyroid

12. Glands of the Endocrine System
6. Pancreas
Location:
Connected to small intestine
Hormone Produced:
Insulin and Glucagon
Function:
Control the amount of sugar in the blood
Pancreas
Small Intestine

13. Insulin & Glucagon Blood glucose levels want to remain level:
1-3: If sugar is too high:
Pancreas produces insulin which lower the levels of glucose in blood.
4-6: If sugar is too low:
Pancreas triggers the release of glucagon, stored in the liver, which increases blood glucose levels.

14. Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid
7. Thymus
Location:
Just behind the sternum
Function:
Produces hormones that aid in the body’s ability to fight infection & disease.
Thymus

15. Glands of the Endocrine System
Thymus
8. Adrenal Glands
Location:
On top of the kidneys
Hormone Produced:
Adrenaline
Function:
Your body’s “emergency action team”
Helps your body cope with stressful situations.
Adrenal
Gland
Pancreas
Kidney

16. Glands of the Endocrine System
9. Reproductive Glands: Ovaries & Testis
Location:
Males – Testes
Females - Ovaries
Hormone Produced:
Males – testosterone
Females - estrogen
Function:
Produce hormones that control the secondary sex characteristics:
pubic hair, male’s deepening of the voice and widening of the shoulders, and female’s breast development and widening of the hips.
Male
Female
Adrenal
Gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

17. Negative Feedback Mechanism
Negative feedback is a system that turns off the condition it produces.
The endocrine system function much like a thermostat in a house/room.
Too hot, thermostat tells the heater to stop producing heat.
If the temperature drops below the set level, the thermostat will tell the heater to kick back on and heat the room again.
Negative feedback is an important way that the body maintains homeostasis.