1. How do Acids and Base behave in a chemical reaction?
Acids and Bases
How do Acids and Base behave in a chemical reaction?
Hcl and aluminium bomb
Add bung rather than screw top?

2. What are Acids? Acids are common
Some are dangerous and can burn your skin
Some are safe to eat and drink
Stomach acid helps digest food
Brainstorm understanding of acids (examples, what they do, how to test) fizz dissolve dangerous, dissolve metal, burn skin
Name some in kitchen
Vinegar, wine gone off, citric acid, batteries
What taste sour
H/O what do you know abt acid and base cut n paste
Read aloud H/O acid burns
Zn + HCl in test tube with balloon over the top, floats can be lit (pop test) Hindenberg
explosion

3. Acids Definition Examples (Write out one of the examples)
A group of compounds which behave similarly
All have low pH
Turn Litmus paper RED
All donate H+ ions in aqueous solution
Examples (Write out one of the examples)
Hydrochloric HCl
Sulfuric H2SO4
Nitric HNO3
Ethanoic CH3COOH
Demo 3 beakers add h20 pour into phenolpthaelin then base
Mineral acids tend to be strong, donate lots H+ organic acids (carboxylic acids) are weak don’t fully dissociate
Learn these names and formula you will be tested
EXPT Fair test planning for carbonate missile

4. Acids A dilute acid has lots of water and a small amount of acid
A concentrated acid has lots of acid and not much water so must be handled carefully
A strong acid releases lots of H+
A weak acid releases fewer H+
Lesson 2
Write bomb equation NaHCo3 + CH3CooH -> Ch3CooNa +H20 + CO2
Aim to work out how to make the canister fly furthest. Can alter the amount of acid and trajectory angle. How do you ensure fair test. Discussion.
Expt film canister and bicarbonate explosions who can get the furthest, FAIR TEST angle of trajectory, amount acid

5. What are Bases (Alkalis)?
In our home we often use bases to clean things. Eg Bleach and toothpaste
Some things are not acids or bases, we say that they are neutral. Eg Water
Lesson 3
Kids write from board “Acid and base are opposite one neutralises the other”
Toothpaste neutralises acids formed by plaque bacteria, bee sting (formic acid baking soda neutralise)
Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis (feel soapy as they turn oils on hands into soap)
EXPT make soap see H/O

6. Bases Definition Examples A family of compounds that behave similarly
Have a high pH
Turn litmus BLUE
All donate OH-
Examples
Ammonia NH3
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Ammonia in household cleaners NH# forms NH4+ and oh- (hydroxide ion) in water
NaOH in oven cleaner, drain cleaner (dissolves grease)

7. What does pH measure?
pH Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a substance.
H+ = Hydrogen with a positive charge
The more H+ the lower the pH

8. PH SCALE (COPY IN NOTES)

9. Measuring acid strength?
To decide if something is an acid or a base we can use an indicator.
Litmus and Universal Indicator are examples of indicators.
They change color depending on if they are in an acid or a base.
Lesson 4
How do we test?
Demo invisible writing use phenol pthaelin spray with alkali “create a colour PH scale”
Indicators are extracted from plants (lichen) Ph is a measure of the conc of H+ in solution
Chemicals which change colour in the presence of acids or bases
EXPT universal indicator create rainbow in teams of 3 (H/O) colour ph scale naoh strong alkali, nh3 may need to dilute with water
Homework bring in flower to make indicator

10. Working with Indicators
Red litmus turns BLUE in the presence of Bases
Blue litmus turns RED in the presence of acid
Acids and bases react together in a NEUTRALIZATION reaction
Lesson 5/6
Demo frothing rainbow (KISS)??????????????????
Draw on board word equation Reactants -- Products, Acid + base --- salt + water eg HCl + NaOH - NaCl + H2O
ALWAYS OBSERVE WHEN MIXING CHEMICALS SMELL< FIZZ< HEAT< COLOUR ETC
EXPT H/O indicators worksheet work in groups (make own indicator)
EXPT find Ph of everyday substances H/O WRITE UP CORRECTLY, conclusion BLUE ALKALI, RED ACID< GREEN NEUTRAL

11. Acid Reactions Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Acid + Metal  Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate  Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydrochloric acids (HCl) form CHLORIDE salts
Nitric acid (HNO3) forms NITRATE salts
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) forms SULFATE salts
Lesson 7
Write then do the experment
Hcl + NaOH -> NACl + H2O
2HNO3 + 2K -> 2KNO3 +H2 (note fizzing)
H2SO4 + CaCO3 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 (note fizzing) STALAGMITE formation limestone caves Taj mahal
H/O Acids and bases rules revision
H/O Mix and match overview

12. Dissociation in Water
Dissociation means completely breaking down into ions in water
Strong Acids Completely Dissociate in water to form ions.
Bases and Weak Acids do not dissociate completely

13. Amphoteric Substances
Substances that can act as an acid or a base
Many metals fit in this category
Zinc, Tin, Lead, Aluminum, Beryllium

14. Scientific Notation Numbers can be expressed in scientific notation
A way to write large or very small numbers

15. Ratios Relationships between two numbers In this case H3O+ and OH-
You have to express the ratio the same all the time in our case do it like this
H3O+ / OH-

16. Acid Rain Consider Causes Effects Prevention/Solution natural human
buildings
flora
fauna
health
Prevention/Solution
Lesson 8/9 (show acid rain ppt? research their own)
RECAP was water neutral Why not Co2 in air dissolves to form carbonic acid h2co3
DEMO Marble chips added to H2SO4 OBSERVE fizz = gas
Other Minerals dissolved sulfur dioxide, from power stations volcanoes forms h2so4 and nitrogen dioxide NO2 from car exhausts ACID RAIN
Acid rain H/O and reading( poss read science world pg 256) CREATE POSTER causes of acid rain, chemical reaction involved, effect on buildings, plants , fish , humans include pictures, (might want flow diagram, mind map etc)
PRESENT back to class

17. Antacid Investigation
NZ facts 2007
70% population get heartburn /GERD
$9m on 1 brand!
3rd most widely prescribed medicine
Which brand is the best?
Lesson 11/12
Gastro Eosophageal Reflux disease
Based on what you have learnt how do they work
Stomach HCl, antacids are bases so neutralise
Interact with drugs which are pH dependent
Antifungal concentrations increased in presence of antacid – potential problems?
EXPT Science world pg 255 find which is most effective g per g, extension cost per g data, which is the best value for money
Create table on board for them to copy
H/O NCEA style 1 questions
H/O equations lots of practise word equations to formula equations balancing equations for excellerant

18. Identify Unknown Solutions? ?
Lesson 13 or 18 if extras are added
H/O Unknown chemicals
Work in groups to identify 4 solutions
SAFETY no taste/smell
Write up correctly

19. Review
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