1. “Winning (success) takes work!”
“The will to win is not nearly as important as the will to prepare to win.”
- Bobby Knight

2. Diseases of Small Intestine
Acute Diarrhea—one of the most commonly seen types of diarrhea
Often involves impairment of absorptive surface of small intestine
Often accompanies acute gastritis
Causes:
Diet change
Stressful situations
Drug therapy
Parasites, viruses, abnormal GI flora
Diarrhea: increase in frequency, fluidity and volume of defecation.

3. Signs
Acute onset diarrhea
± vomiting
Normal appearance otherwise

4. Acute Diarrhea Diagnosis History and clinical signs Treatment
Fecal sample
PCV
Treatment
Fluids for dehydration
NPO x 24 hrs; water OK if no vomiting
Anti-diarrheals
Loperamide –slows GI motility
Antibiotics for abnormal GI flora
Bland diet after 24 h
Hills I/D, Purina EN
Boiled chicken/rice

5. Acute Diarrhea: Bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria produce intestinal disease by:
Releasing enterotoxins
Attaching to the mucosal surface and produce cytotoxins
Bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. Coli, Clostridium, Staphylococcus

6. Acute Diarrhea: Parasites
Treatment for parasites
Anthelmintics
Fenbendazole
pyrantel pamoate
Antiprotozoal medication for Giardia, Coccidia
Ponazuril
Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)
Giardia: metronidazole and fenbendazole
coccidia: Albon or ponazuril

7. Acute Diarrhea: Viruses
Causes:
Canine Parvovirus
Canine distemper virus
Coronavirus (self-limiting)
Feline panleukopenia virus (parvovirus)

8. Dietary Intolerance and Sensitivity
Dietary Intolerance is seen in animals that are unable to handle certain substances in their diet
Table scrabs, garbage
May have a history of eating indiscriminate objects
Dietary Sensitivity is due to immune-mediated damage to the intestinal mucosa

9. Dietary Intolerance and Sensitivity
Diagnosis
Hx of sensitivity to specific foods or recent diet change
Fecal
Radiographs
Rule out foreign body
Bloodwork to rule out other diseases
Ex: Pancreatitis
Treatment
Diet trial for at least 6 weeks (may take 3 months to see response)
Oral Prednisone to decrease immune response in dietary sensitivity

10. Dietary Intolerance and Sensitivity
Client Info
Prevent pets from eating trash and indiscriminate objects
Be patient – It may take trial and error
Pets on a food trial should not eat treats or flavored medications

11. YOUR LIFE FOLLOWS YOUR THOUGHTS
“If it is to be it’s up to me.”

12. Intestinal Neoplasia
Intestinal Adenocarcinoma and Lymphosarcoma are the most common
Clinical signs
Related to the location and growth rate of the tumor
Wt loss
Abdominal pain
Melena
Signs of GI obstruction

13. Intestinal Neoplasia Diagnosis Treatment
P.E. – mass may be palpated, intestinal lymph nodes may be enlarged
Radiography
Biopsy
Blood work
Treatment
Surgical removal of tumor
Chemotherapy
Supportive care

15. Intestinal Neoplasia Client Info Prognosis for adenocarcinoma is poor
Survival times from 7mths -2yrs w/treatment
Cats with lymphosarcoma undergoing chemotherapy may go into remission for up to 2 yrs

16. Intestinal Diseases: Intussusception
Cause usually unknown; can result from parasites, FB, infection, neoplasia
Signs
Vom./diarrhea with or without blood
Anorexia, depression
Diagnosis
Palpation of sausage-like mass in cranial abdomen
Commonly at ileocolic junction. Telescoping causes partial blockage, compromises blood supply and nissue necrosis.

17. Intussuception

18. Intussusception Treatment Client info
Surgical reduction/resection of necrotic bowel
IV fluids
Restrict solid food x 24 hr after Surgery; then bland diet for weeks
Client info
Recurrence is infrequent
Prognosis depends on amount of bowel removed
Puppies should be treated for parasites to prevent intussusception
Commonly at ileocolic junction. Telescoping causes partial blockage, compromises blood supply and nissue necrosis.

19. Megacolon Clinical Signs Straining to defecate vomiting
Uncommon in dogs, more common in cats (mostly idiopathic)
Caused by a possible defect in the neurostimulation of colon
Clinical Signs
Straining to defecate
Must be distinguished from straining to urinate in male cats
vomiting
Weakness, dehydration, anorexia
Small, hard feces or liquid feces
With or without blood, mucus
Relates with hypothyroidism, pelvic deformities. Possible defect in neurostimulation of colon to evacuate the feces.

20. Megacolon The width of the colon is greater than length of
lumbar vertebrae
Relates with hypothyroidism, pelvic deformities. Possible defect in neurostimulation of colon to evacuate the feces.

21. Megacolon Diagnosis Treatment Client info
Palpation of distended colon filled with hard, dry feces
Radiographs show colon full of feces
Rectal palpation assures adequate pelvic opening
Treatment
Warm water enema
Manual removal under anesthesia
Mucosal surface is delicate
Client info
Encourage water intake
High-fiber diet