1. The Byzantine Empire

2. URBANIZATION IN THE EMPIRE

3. THE TWO ROMAN EMPIRES

4. Constantinople

5. The Byzantine Empire
Eastern Roman Empire

6. The Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire
Constantinople = Byzantine Capital

7. Constantinople
Geographic advantages of this city

8. Constantinople
Good Harbor

9. Constantinople
Good Harbor
Trade routes link Europe and Asia

10. Constantinople Good Harbor Trade routes link Europe and Asia
Water on 3 sides

11. Justinian (527-565) The Reign of Justinian (527 – 565)
Determined to reestablish the Roman Empire over the entire Mediterranean world
His new empire fell within three years of his death

12. Justinian ( )

14. Procopius: Views of Justinian

15. Lasting Accomplishments
The Codification of Roman Law
Justinian’s most lasting contribution
Was the basis of imperial law in the east until 1453
Was the basis of the European legal system
The Emperor’s Building Program
Rebuilt Constantinople after revolt of 532
City important as chief port of exchange of goods from East to West
Public works, churches
Royal palace, Hagia Sophia, Hippodrome

16. Accomplishments
Hagia Sophia

19. Accomplishments
Hagia Sophia
Justinian Code

20. Caesaropapism Power centralized in figure of Emperor
Christian leader cannot claim divinity, rather divine authority
Political rule
Involved in Religious rule as well
Authority absolute

21. Economics of the Empire
Trade routes bring key technologies, e.g. silk industry
Advantage of location causes crafts and industry to expand after 6th century
Tax revenues from silk route
Banking services develop

22. Tensions with Western Europe
Church
Byzantine: Greek; Roman: Latin
Conflicts over hierarchical control

23. The Byzantine Church Church and state closely aligned
Byzantine Emperors appoint Patriarchs
Caesaropapism creates dissent in church

24. Iconoclasm Emperor Leo III (r. 717-741 CE)
Destruction of icons after 726
Popular protest, rioting
Policy abandoned 843

29. Tensions between Eastern and Western Christianity
Ritual disputes
Beards on clergy
Leavened bread for Mass
Theological disputes
Iconoclasm
Nature of the Trinity

30. Schism Arguments over hierarchy, jurisdiction
Autonomy of Patriarchs, or Primacy of Rome?
1054 Patriarch of Constantinople and Pope of Rome excommunicate each other
East: Orthodox Church
West: Roman Catholic

31. After Justinian
Frequent Invasions
Empire slowly shrinks

32. The Byzantine empire and its neighbors about 1100 C.E.

33. Challenges from the West
Western European economic development
Normans from Scandinavia press on Byzantine territories
Crusades of 12th-13th centuries rampage through Byzantine territory
Constantinople sacked, 1204

35. Challenges from the East
Seljuk Turks invade Anatolia
Threatens grain supply
Defeat Byzantine army in 1071, creates civil conflict
Period of steady decline until Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople in 1453
Renamed Istanbul

36. The Rise of Russia

37. The Rise of Russia

38. Geography

40. Slavs and Vikings
– Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia

41. Slavs and Vikings
– Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia
Rurik
Viking Chief

42. Slavs and Vikings
– Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia
Rurik
Viking Chief
Becomes king of the Slavs

43. Slavs and Vikings
– Vikings trade with and settle in Slavic Russia
Rurik
Viking Chief
Becomes king of the Slavs
Established city of Novgorod

44. Kiev
Kiev becomes a major trading post

45. Kiev Kiev becomes a major trading post
From Kiev, Vikings could sail to Constantinople

47. Christianity Comes to Russia
Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures

48. Christianity Comes to Russia
Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures
Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet

50. Christianity Comes to Russia
Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures
Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet
957 – Princess Olga converts to Christianity

51. Christianity Comes to Russia
Russian Culture = mix of Slavic and Greek cultures
Monks develop the Cyrillic alphabet
957 – Princess Olga converts to Christianity
Prince Vladimir I – 1st Ruler to convert to Christianity

52. Yaroslav the Wise ( )
Law code

53. Yaroslav the Wise ( )
Law code
Made alliances with W. Europe

54. Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code
Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers

55. Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code
Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers
Divides kingdom among 4 sons

56. Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Law code
Made alliances with W. Europe – marriages to European Rulers
Divides kingdom among 4 sons – kingdom declines

57. Mongol Invasions
1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors

59. Mongol Invasions 1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors
Golden Horde – Mongol Empire in Russia (240 years)

60. Mongol Invasions 1200’s – Genghis Khan begins invading neighbors
Golden Horde – Mongol Empire in Russia (240 years)
Russians maintained rule  must pay taxes

61. The Growth of Moscow
Stop along trade route

62. The Growth of Moscow Stop along trade route
Area princes ally and revolt against Mongols

64. Tonight
Read pgs
Reading Quiz Friday