1. Biology 11
THE Cell

2. Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
State the 2 types of cells
Relate the structure to function for all the organelles

3. Types of Cells There are two types of cells: 1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic

4. What do you remember?? http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
Label up your cells!!

5. Cell Membrane AKA: Plasma Membrane Confines the cytoplasm
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer

6. Cell Membrane Structure of Cell Membrane
The fatty acid tails are “water hating”
The phosphate heads are “water loving”
There are proteins embedded in the membrane to transport molecules through the membrane

7. Nucleus
Surrounded by a double layer of nuclear membrane (four lipid layers)
Houses nucleoplasm, DNA and nucleoli
Recall: the nucleolus makes ribosomes
Nuclear membrane is connected to the RER

8. RER & SER Endoplasmic Reticulum Made of cell membrane folded into sacs
There are two types:
1. Rough: has ribosomes attached
2. Smooth: no ribosomes attached

9. RER & SER
RER: processes proteins and sends them to the Golgi Apparatus
SER: makes lipids, detoxifies poisons, drugs and other toxins

10. Ribosomes Found attached to the RER and floating in the cytoplasm
Are the site of protein synthesis

11. Golgi Body AKA: Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex
Made of flattened sacs of cell membrane
Receives and exports proteins via vesicles

12. Vacuoles & Vesicles Membrane bound sacs used for storage
Formed from ER and Golgi Apparatus

13. Protein Synthesis A little side-step from all the organelles
You should be able to describe how these structures work together:
DNA mRNA Ribosomes RER
Golgi Vesicles Proteins Nucleus
Amino acids tRNA Nuclear Pore

14. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
Converts chemical energy (glucose) into biological energy (ATP)

15. Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis, found in plants only
Uses chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose)

16. Flagella & Cilia Made of microtubles Flagella: move cells
Cilia: move things past cells

17. Centrioles Not found in plant cells
Help to organize spindle fibers during mitosis

18. Cytoskeleton Gives the cell its shape and supports organelles
Moves things inside the cell
Made of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

19. Lysosomes & Peroxisomes
Lysosomes: sac of hydrolytic enzymes that act as suicide sacs
Peroxisomes: transfer hydrogen and detoxify parts of the cell

20. Your Turn!
Complete the Cell Parts Chart 